as a necessary step to design and implement effective violence preventive measures. She explained why deficits in democracy and lack of good and inclusive governance create the conditions under which violence may take place. She warned about the lack of minorities represented in government positions, law enforcement and justice bodies as factors leading to ignoring minority voices, concerns and early warning signs of violence. She expressed particular concern regarding hate speech and incitement to ethnic or religious hatred, including in the media and social media, as a factor contributing to start and/or fuel violence against minorities. She then suggested key measures necessary to adequately prevent violence, including full compliance with international standards for equality, non-discrimination and minority rights, as well as good and inclusive governance and dedicated institutional attention to minority issues. She further focused on required protective measures and immediate security responses when violence has broken-out, including the role of adequate, well equipped and trained law enforcement personnel. She recalled Member States’ commitment to the “Responsibility to Protect” principle, recalling that the State carries the primary responsibility for protecting populations from atrocity crimes and that the international and regional organizations have a significant role to play in assisting States to prevent and respond to violence. In this context, she stated that the United Nations must do better in its preventive role and response when violence breaks out. She emphasized the vital role of civil society and minorities themselves in any initiative aimed at countering violence and/or its recurrence, including in post-conflict scenarios. Lastly, she called on all relevant stakeholders to intensify their efforts to adequately prevent and stop violence against minorities wherever it exists and invited all participants to elaborate further on the draft recommendations so that they can make a real contribution to this purpose. Statement by the Chair of the seventh session of the Forum on Minority Issues, Mr Patrick Thornberry Mr Thornberry extended a warm welcome to all participants and recalled that the essence of the Forum resides in the opportunity to engage the widest range of stakeholders capable of making constructive contributions to the topical issues at hand. He gave an historical overview of how minorities and questions regarding their treatment have entered the human rights language and how minority rights have continued to function within the larger human rights framework to become a specific major concern of the United Nations, nowadays expressed through dedicated instruments connected to the multitude of human rights standards, instruments and procedures. He underlined that the reasons for attention on minorities are not simply conceptual or abstract, but eminently practical: because of their non-dominant situation, minorities are exposed to human rights violations and different forms of oppression ranging from hate speech up to genocide. He stressed that minorities evidence the diversity of the world’s cultures and languages and invited to recognise the richness of experience that comes along diversity. The Chair explained the rationale that informed the agenda of the Forum and invited participants to develop and improve the content of the draft recommendations. He described the format of the discussions and encouraged all participants to show respect for others’ views while inviting them to exercise decorum. 4

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