- - - - - - - The relevance of the recommendations of UPR to the work of the Forum as it provides a powerful venue to identify issues of concern related to violence and atrocity targeting minorities. Protecting freedom of religion and belief as another critical component of preventing atrocities, in particular to avoid that religion is misused to promote intolerance and justify atrocities. The importance that minority and majority groups work united to counter extremisms and isolate terrorists groups. The need to take steps towards practical implementation of pillar II of the responsibility to protect in order to increase the capacity or regional and international organisations to provide appropriate technical assistance to States. The need to strengthen cooperation, information and good practices exchange between neighbouring States and regional organisations to proactively addressing risk factors associated with atrocity crimes as they are more familiar to early signs of potential violence. The necessity of improving existing early warning mechanisms and developing more effective strategies at international, regional and national level to translate early signs into early action. The need to send the message of zero tolerance for human rights violations perpetrated against minorities including by guaranteeing accountability for violence and atrocity crimes as a deterrent against any further violations. The importance of building the capacity of minority communities and individuals to act as crucial violence prevention actors on the ground. The need to invest more on training and technical capacity of police and security sector actors to reduce unfair treatment and abuse against minorities and to enhance the integration of gender issues in all aspects of the security and policing sectors. Item V. After violence breaks out – essential measures for resolution, protection and security This session considered the particular challenges of responding to violence that has broken out and specific measures for immediate operational security responses in order to quickly halt violence at national level. Participants discussed the role of all stakeholders in designing and implementing rapid, tailored response measures to protect minorities under attack. Participants also discussed the role of States, regional and international organisations under the principle of the responsibility to protect and its legal corollary obligations vis-à-vis situation of on-going violence targeted against minority groups. President of Hammurabi Human Rights Organisation and former Minister of Migration and displacement in Iraq, Ms. Pascale Warda Ms. Warda explained that the word “protection” entails illuminating any danger for the physical and psychological integrity of individuals, the protection of places where they 14