E/CN.4/1993/62
page 36
On 29 March 1989, the Court of Florina reportedly sentenced four women
belonging to the Jehovah’s Witnesses faith to five months’ imprisonment, a
fine of 500,000 drachmas and a six months’ police surveillance on grounds that
they were "guilty of the act of proselytism on members of another faith in
favour of their religion". The prison sentence was subsequently commuted.
The four women are: Alexandra Despoti, a 30-year-old housewife,
Eleni Didaskalou, a 23-year-old seamstress, Eugenia Theodoridou, a 21-year-old
worker and Elena Batodaki, a 22-year-old worker. The four women were
reportedly going from house to house in Florina on 26 July 1988 selling
"Watchtower" and "Awake" magazines and exchanging ideas about their beliefs
with the inhabitants of the town. A complaint against them was allegedly
filed by an Orthodox priest, Mr. Evripides Taskas (63). On 27 November 1991,
the Tessalonica Court of Appeal was to issue its final verdict concerning the
defendants, but the trial was reportedly postponed because of a strike by the
judicial staff.
According to the information received, on 15 November 1992, the European
Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg was scheduled to hear an appeal made by
Mr. Minos Kokkinakis, a retired businessman in his eighties who belongs to the
Jehovah’s Witnesses faith. On 2 March 1986, he and his wife were arrested
when the police found them reading passages of the Bible and talking about
pacifism in biblical terms with their friends. Mr. Kokkinakis’ appeal
concerned the 10,000 drachmas fine and the prison sentence of four months
which were imposed on him by the Magistrates Court of Lasithi on charges of
proselytism. Mr. Kokkinakis has already served seven prison terms over the
past 50 years and has spent four periods in exile away from his home in Crete.
He served the longest of the sentences, 18 months, in the 1940s for
conscientious objection to military service, while the remaining sentences
were for proselytism.
The case of the Jehovah’s Witnesses congregation of Gazi, in Heraklion
(Crete), was reported in the following terms: in 1983, the congregation had
asked for a permit to convert a leased property into a place of prayer and
worship. In the three-year contract which was drawn between the owner and the
tenants, it was clearly stated that the property would be used for religious
purposes. The local office of the Orthodox Church was informed about the
contract and the priest had lodged a complaint against the tenants,
Titos Manousakis, Konstantinos Makridakis, Kyriakos Baxevanis and Vasilios
Hatzakis, for failing to obtain a permit which is issued by the local Orthodox
Church authorities and by the Ministry of National Education and Cults. The
defendants were acquitted by the First Instance Court and, after an appeal by
the Prosecutor, by the Magistrates Court. They therefore resumed using their
place of prayer and worship and placed a sign at the entrance indicating its
religious identity. However, the local Orthodox priest alleged that the
posting of this sign amounted to proselytism. Following a second appeal
lodged by the Public Prosecutor of the Magistrates Court, the defendants were
sentenced on 15 February 1990 to a three-months’ prison term and a fine of
30,000 drachmas. On 19 March 1991, the Supreme Court (Areopagos) denied the
petition for cassation which had been lodged by Mr. Manousakis and sentenced
the defendants to the payment of the 18,000 drachmas court expenses.
With regard to a case already referred to in his previous report
(E/CN.4/1992/52), the Special Rapporteur was informed that the Alexandroupolis