CRC/C/ECU/CO/4 (b) The special norms on juvenile justice have not been analysed and harmonized, are not of the appropriate standard and do not have corresponding mechanisms and regulations; (c) An appropriate system for juvenile justice is still not in place, there is a lack of juvenile judges and there are reports that children are held together with adults in police cells and pretrial detention centres; (d) There is a lack of statistics on children entering custody and the duration of their stay; and (e) There is insufficient information provided on the treatment of children below the age of 12 (the present minimum age of criminal responsibility) in conflict with the law or at the existence of any system for resolution of conflicts with the law outside of the judicial system, as per article 40 of the Convention. 79. The Committee urges the State party to ensure that juvenile justice standards are fully implemented, in particular articles 37 (b), 40 and 39 of the Convention, as well as the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules), the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines) and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (the Havana Rules). In particular, the Committee urges the State party to take into account the Committee’s general comment No. 10 (2007) on children’s rights in juvenile justice. It also recommends that the State party: (a) Ensure that the new Code on Criminal Guarantees is harmonized with the 10-year National Plan of Action for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents 2004-2014, enshrined in the Constitution, and establishes a specialized system for juvenile justice integrated with the Decentralized National System for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents; (b) Ensure that the specialized juvenile justice system is separated from the adult penal system in terms of norms on procedures, sanctions and execution of sentences and ensure that children are always separated from adults in all detention facilities, including in police station cells; (c) Consider raising the present minimum age of criminal responsibility; (d) Develop non-judicial alternatives to the deprivation of liberty, such as probation, community service or suspended sentences, wherever possible; (e) Provide sufficient specialized courts in all the regions, with trained specialized judges and staff, including prosecutors, lawyers, law enforcement officials and social workers; (f) Take preventive measures in order to help eliminate the social conditions leading children to enter into contact with the criminal justice system; (g) Ensure that all children who have not attained the age of criminal responsibility but are in conflict with the law are treated by civil or administrative authorities, in line with the Convention and international standards; in particular, ensure that they have access to socio-educational measures that are alternatives to any form of deprivation of liberty and/or institutionalization; and (h) Seek technical assistance in the area of juvenile justice from the United Nations Interagency Panel on Juvenile Justice, which includes the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNICEF, OHCHR and NGOs. 17