A/76/302 class. 28 In some States, including the United States, legislation has been required to allow people of African descent to have natural hairstyles in the workplace. 46. Nor has popular protest, criminal process or global demand reformed policing systemically. In the United States, in the first five months of 2021, 89 people of African descent, including teenager Ma’Khia Bryant, 20 -year-old Daunte Wright and 42-year-old Andrew Brown, Jr., were killed by the police. 29 According to Mapping Police Violence, Black people are three times more likely to be killed by the police, more likely to be unarmed and less likely to be threatening someone when killed by police. 30 In France, a survey of the independent authority Défenseur des droits (Defender of Rights) shows that young men of African descent are 20 times more likely to be stopped and searched than any other male group. 31 In Australia, in March 2021, young people of African descent (particularly South Sudanese) comprised 19 per cent of the young people in custody, a percentage far disproportionate to their presence in the country. 32 D. Important leadership has emerged in United Nations, State and civil society spaces in 2021 47. Inside the United Nations and its agencies, and in response to demand by Member States and civil society, the leadership has taken important steps to confront and address systemic racism in 2021. The Working Group strongly commends the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights for her report on the promotion and protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of Africans and of people of African descent against excessive use of force and other human rights violations by law enforcement officers (A/HRC/47/53) and for the fruitful collaboration throughout the drafting process. In July 2021, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution 47/21, offering States guidance and encouragement in the implementation of the recommendations in the report of the High Commissioner, including a new expert mechanism focused on systemic racism in law enforcement. In August 2021, the General Assembly established the Permanent Forum of People of African Descent, a consultative and expert forum that will offer ongoing leadership and attention to pressing issues relating to people of African descent globally. 48. Some intergovernmental organizations and Member States have adopted incremental reforms and reimagining of systems relating to police violence against people of African descent. In the United States, in April 2021 a Minnesota jury convicted former officer Derek Chauvin of second-degree murder for the killing of George Floyd in May 2020. In a historic ruling on 31 August 2020, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled against Argentina in Acosta Martínez y otros v. Argentina, noting that the case was “paradigmatic of the persecution and stigmatization of the Afrodescendent community”, urging the State to systematically train security personnel on racism and racial discrimination against people of African descent and obliging the State to publicly report on the detention of people of African descent. __________________ 28 29 30 31 32 21-11641 BBC, “Pimlico Academy pupils stage protest over ‘racist’ uniform policy”, 31 March 2021. Nolan D. McCaskill, “Police are still killing people at the same rate as before”, Politico, 25 May 2021. Andrew R. Chow, “People expected police behavior to change after George Floyd’s murder. The numbers tell a different story”, Time, 13 May 2021. Available at https://time.com/6046645/ police-killings-2021/. Dunja Mijatovic, “Opinion: Europe must wake up to racism, Afrophobia”, Deutsche Welle, 21 March 2021. Stephane Shepherd, “Opinion: too many young African -Australians are in jail. Some blame police, but the data tells a more complex story”, ABC News, 25 March 2021. 15/22