sense the common good and the rights without restrictions of all people living in society. The quotas for
female political participation have not been able to modify structurally political representation because
they open fundamental spaces to women who are part of racial majorities or dominant ethnic groups,
thus expressly excluding women who are part of racial minorities not dominant in racist societies.
Many of the actual democratic systems are going through serious crises, not only in the representation of
diverse sectors of society but also on their credibility. There is a tendency that the formal political
positions of power are converted into a tool for personal benefit or in limited instances for labor unions,
leaving outside the common good that is an essence of democracy. Corruption, inefficiency, the bad
distribution of rents, improvisation, short-sightedness, are characteristics of those so called democratic
systems.
The political participation of racial and ethnic minorities is a right, an opportunity to improve democratic
participation and a pretext to improve the quality of deteriorated democracies in countries where
millions do not have a guarantee of their human rights.
Given my political experience, it is necessary to promote judicial changes to guarantee the human right
to political participation of racial, ethnic, and cultural minorities, as well as disempowered majorities, and
that such changes are translated into concrete affirmative actions. In this manner, it will be possible to
have a direct influence in the changes occurring inside party politics, which most often are the first
obstacle to access the nominations to popularly elected positions.
As citizens belonging to political minorities, we should be guaranteed the right to aspire and reach any
popularly elected position, from the Presidency to local positions. For this reason, I took the first step to
reach the Presidency of my country, Costa Rica, as a woman of African descent who has a proposal for
all of society and who recognizes social inequalities given my own experience in life.
It is imperative to internationalize the advances and obstacles of our political participation, as well as
strengthen our collective capacities. In this sense, I would like to highlight the efforts of the Black
Parliament of the Americas as a space that brings together political representatives of the region who are
from African descent.
Finally, I would like to make some recommendations to strengthen the political participation of
minorities and these should be institutionally advanced:
1. Affirmative actions and quotas, not only based on gender but also ethnic and racial.
2. Public financing of politics/policy especially of political minorities.
3. Promote as an indicator of the quality democracy the degree of political participation of minorities in
the bodies of popular representation.