A/HRC/31/59/Add.1 55. The Government of Botswana has put in place many tools for developing community-based initiatives to ensure that the local people participate in the management and enjoy the benefits of their local natural and cultural resources. A local nongovernmental organization (NGO), TOCADI, has managed the site for some years. At the time of the Special Rapporteur’s visit, TOCADI was gradually phasing out to transfer the site management to the Tsodilo Trust, a community trust, which had already started generating income. Although the site is locked at night for security reasons, special arrangements have been made for the local people, including from surrounding areas, to enter and perform rituals. 56. Grievances were expressed by local communities about the way in which they had been relocated outside of the site in the past, the way they benefit from the tourism industry and the inscription of the site on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Reportedly, the San were displaced from the hills in the period from 1994 to 1997 after a management plan was developed for the area with the Ju|’hoansi village falling into the core zone to be free from permanent human habitation. Some San believe that they were removed because they were perceived as easy to relocate. According to them, they were relocated because their cows were a problem to the Government’s desire to develop an airstrip to facilitate tourist visits. The airstrip was located between the feeding grounds of the cattle and the water borehole. They stated that there was no adequate consultation and that they were pressured to move out in a short time frame and that there was no appropriate compensation for their relocation. Following the removal of the village, the site museum and staff dwellings were built close to the original site of the Ju|’hoansi village in the core zone.35 Today, discussions are under way to set up a cultural village for tourists where the Ju|’hoansi village stood. In that regard, the San have expressed concern about what would happen to the graves of their ancestors that are still there. The Special Rapporteur encourages the Government to enter into thorough discussions with both communities as to where the cultural village should be located. 57. Many people with whom the Special Rapporteur met were hopeful of the benefits that the listing could give them, but regret that the development of the skills and livelihood capacities of the community remains insufficient, despite promises from the Government. They feel disempowered as they lack the knowledge of how to benefit from the tourism industry and, for example, how to market their craft. 58. There are signs that the relationship between the San and Hambukushu communities might not be smooth. The Special Rapporteur heard grievances that the Hambukushu community was priviledged in several ways and held more power, in particular through the kgotla. According to information received, the San settlement does not receive the same level of infrastructural support from the Government, and the San are not always properly informed beforehand about visits by government representatives or properly consulted and invited in a timely manner to participate in the election of members of the Village Development Community (it was only after they had complained that three San representatives were integrated into the Community). While noting that the San have not formally complained to the Government about those issues, the Special Rapporteur hereby brings the matter to the attention of the Government and invites it to look into it. She stresses that some San believe that the Tsodilo Trust has helped to rebalance the decisionmaking process and is helping to reduce the mistrust between the two communities. 35 14 See Michael Taylor, “‘We are not taken as people’: Ignoring the indigenous identities and history of Tsodilo Hills World Heritage Site, Botswana”, in World Heritage Sites and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, Stefan Disko and Helen Tugendhat, eds. (Copenhagen, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 2014), pp. 119-129.