A/HRC/FMI/2014/2 Participants may reflect on the role of the international community once violence has erupted and how the community can act appropriately and rapidly to help end the violence. Avoiding renewed violence — building the peace and managing diversity D. 19. The Forum will consider the role and importance of implementing minority rights in post-violence and conflict situations and in efforts to build and ensure a stable and lasting peace. Participants will consider such issues as: transitional justice and the need for/role of truth and reconciliation and bodies such as commissions of inquiry; the need for accountability and redress/compensation; the value of institutional reform and the role of dedicated institutions in addressing grievances; the importance of political participation and representation of minorities in decision-making bodies and processes; the role of human rights education/training in building peace and understanding; building the capacity and resilience of the society and its institutions to remain strong and united even in times of political conflicts; and the special role of religious leaders in contributing to an environment of inter-communal understanding and reconciliation. The Forum will consider the role of Member States in rebuilding confidence between communities in post-conflict societies and explore the potential for implementing minority rights to assist such efforts. E. Cross-cutting issues: role of regional and international actors and institutions 20. Participants will be encouraged to discuss how regional and international actors, including neighbouring States, regional and international cooperation and human rights organizations and the United Nations, have important roles and obligations in relation to tensions and violence affecting minorities. Issues for discussion may include: practical measures to enhance the role of various external actors and to improve coordination among them; the principle of the Responsibility to Protect and how the “Human Rights Up Front” initiative7 can better be implemented; the role of international diplomacy and minority rights advocacy; the criteria for intervention, including non-military sanctions; the role of regional human rights and security institutions; and the role of the United Nations bodies/agencies/ mechanisms and how they could be better coordinated. The Forum will review the early warning mechanisms within the United Nations system, identify gaps and propose ways to improve the ability of the United Nations to use available information and mechanisms to address and prevent violence. Participants will consider measures to be taken to strengthen attention to minority rights and cooperation in order to prevent violence and atrocities at the regional and international levels. V. Participation 21. Pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 19/23, the Forum is open to participation by States, United Nations mechanisms, treaty bodies and specialized agencies, funds and programmes, intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and mechanisms in the field of human rights, national human rights institutions and other relevant national bodies, academics and experts on minority issues and non-governmental 7 8 “Human Rights Up Front” is an initiative by the Secretary-General to improve United Nations action to safeguard human rights around the world. The document, from May 2014, is framed in terms of the protection of human rights and includes the task of protecting civilians, with the importance of preventive efforts consistently emphasized.