E/CN.4/2003/85/Add.2
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40.
Another consequence of the South Plan noted by the Special Rapporteur is the diversion
of migrant flows to more inhospitable zones that entail greater risk, jeopardizing migrants’ right
to life and physical integrity. In turn, the shift from the usual crossing zones to more dangerous
areas has reportedly increased the demand for the services of polleros (people-smugglers) who,
in many cases, extort money from, abandon or murder migrants whom they have supposedly
agreed to guide. According to information received by the Special Rapporteur, at the end of
May 2001 the Mexican police discovered in Veracruz the bodies of five Guatemalan migrants
locked in a truck and abandoned by smugglers. The five migrants are presumed to have died of
asphyxiation.
VI. MEXICO AS A COUNTRY OF DESTINATION
41.
The Special Rapporteur noted that Mexico is becoming an important country of
destination within the region. She received information on the Migration Regularization
Programme which the INM organized in 2000 and 2001. According to that information, the
programme enabled undocumented migrants to obtain non-immigrant visitor status and
authorization to work, provided the work and the employer were specified. She was informed
that, in proportion to the number of migrants able to benefit from initiatives of this type, few
persons had regularized their situation and that only those with certain levels of education, with
sufficient money or with access to free legal representation had decided to obtain documents.
The annual renewal of migration documents would appear to constitute another problem for
migrants, and the organizations assisting migrants expressed the need to train the persons
concerned to ensure that they remain informed and alert to the need for renewal.
42.
In the south of Mexico the Special Rapporteur obtained information on the situation of
women, children and men, mostly Guatemalans, who come to Mexico on a seasonal basis to
work in the agricultural sector. The Special Rapporteur noted with pleasure the measures
initiated by Mexico to provide individual documents for seasonal migrants, recognizing the
specific contribution of women who also travel to work on a daily basis. This recognition is
essential in ensuring the protection of their rights as women workers. In addition, the Special
Rapporteur received information indicating that the working conditions of migrant day labourers
are still very precarious, full respect for them is still a long way off and, regardless of their legal
status, they are vulnerable to a host of abuses such as unjustified dismissal, withholding of wages
and documents, excessively long working hours, ill-treatment and discrimination. They
constitute abundant and cheap labour living on a poor diet and in deficient accommodation and
health conditions. According to the testimony of day workers heard by the Special Rapporteur,
the abuses most commonly reported are dismissal in the event of illness and the sexual
harassment and rape of women day workers. The Special Rapporteur stresses the need to
consolidate protection and regulation by the State and local authorities in this sphere.
43.
Another particularly vulnerable migrant group is that of women in domestic service, who
are mostly young, undocumented and of indigenous origin; they begin work at the age of 14 or
earlier with the aim of helping their families financially. It was noted that almost all of them
work excessively long hours for low wages and without health insurance. Many of them are