A/HRC/7/19/Add.2 page 17 society at large was pointed out as a key obstacle that prevents the Roma from fully integrating into society. D. Views of non-European communities 65. The Special Rapporteur also met with representatives of the small but active African and Arab communities. Their concerns are different from the traditional questions of citizenship and language expressed by other minorities. In particular, non-European communities emphasized their view that nationalism, and not necessarily racism, is an important problem that leads directly to discrimination. 66. Nationalism is directly connected to one of the main concerns expressed by the Special Rapporteur’s interlocutors: racially motivated crimes, particularly by members of extremist organizations, including neo-Nazi groups. Human rights NGOs and community representatives pointed out that neo-Nazi groups are currently active in Estonia, particularly in Tartu, and have perpetrated acts of violence against non-European minorities. It was underlined that due to the limitations in the legislation against racially motivated crimes and incitement to racial hatred, these groups are still free to operate. The resurgence of racist violence is a particularly distressing trend for members of non-European communities, as several of them moved to Estonia from Russia in order to escape extremist organizations and what they saw as a wave of racist attacks. 67. Relations with law-enforcement officials were also emphasized as an important form of discrimination against non-European minorities, particularly in what concerns border guards. Some cases of harassment by police officers were reported to the Special Rapporteur, and some interlocutors highlighted the existence of informal racial profiling. This has been a sensitive problem for the Arab community, which is affected, particularly since 9/11, with negative stereotypes associating them with terrorists, increasing harassment by the police in general as well as by border guards. 68. Non-European communities emphasized the need to further develop multicultural training programmes for state officials in general, particular those working directly with minorities, refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants, thus preparing them to respect diversity. This was seen as important in view of the gradual arrival of non-European migrants following Estonia’s accession to the European Union. On the legal level, more comprehensive legislation was called for, especially in the realm of racially motivated crimes, as well as clear guidelines for the prosecution of cases of incitement to racial and religious hatred. E. Roundtable with national minorities of the Ida Virumaa region 69. On 27 September, the Special Rapporteur was invited to attend the monthly meeting of national minorities of the Ida Virumaa region in the north-eastern of Estonia. The meeting took place in Jõhvi and gathered representatives of the Russian, Byelorussian, Jewish, Tartar, Finnish, Polish, Ukrainian minorities. A representative of the Estonian community, which is a minority in Ida Virumaa, was also present. The region has a radically different demographic makeup than the rest of the country: 71 per cent Russian, 20 per cent Estonian, 2.8 per cent Byelorussian, 2.8 per cent Ukrainian and 1.4 per cent for other ethnic minorities.