A/HRC/30/41 against indigenous women and girls. Structural violence results in women being victimized by the realities of the circumstances of their everyday life and routinely excluded from the rights and resources otherwise guaranteed to citizens. Structural violence is interlinked and mutually reinforcing with other forms of violence, as discussed below. Sexual violence 47. Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than nonindigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following: (a) Rape, which can be perpetrated by individuals known to the indigenous woman and girl, as a form of control, punishment and/or abuse; (b) Large numbers of indigenous women and girls work in domestic households. Domestic work is outside of the regulatory framework for employers, which leaves women and girls isolated and vulnerable to rape and abuse by employers; (c) Women have reportedly been subjected to harassment, extortion and rape by State officials at border crossings. For example, Miskito women, whose territories straddle Nicaragua and Honduras and who cross national borders every day to work their lands or to gather medicinal plants, are routinely exposed to sexual violence. In addition, military officials may perpetrate sexual violence as a weapon to weaken the resolve of indigenous communities in militarized disputes over land and resources; (d) In the United States, large numbers of indigenous women have experienced rape perpetrated by men outside of their communities. According to statistics, Native American and Alaska Native women are more than 2.5 times more likely to be raped or sexually assaulted than other women in the United States; and 86 per cent of the reported cases of rape or sexual assault against American Indian and Alaska Native women are perpetrated by non-Native men; (e) Indigenous women have reportedly been subjected to sexual violence by men from other indigenous groups. In the Great Lakes Region of Africa, one Batwa woman reported that Bantu men violated Pygmy women from the Congo, claiming that they did it to treat medical complaints; (f) There have been reports from NGOs that indigenous women have been raped by individual and multiple perpetrators in the context of business activities on indigenous lands.18 18 See, for example, Mairin Iwanka Raya: Indigenous women stand against violence: a companion report to the United Nations Secretary-General’s study on violence against women (International Indigenous Women’s Forum, 2006); Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, State of the world’s Indigenous peoples, 2010; UN-Women and others, Breaking the silence (see footnote 4); Amnesty International, Maze of injustice: the failure to protect Indigenous women from sexual violence in the USA, (New York, 2007); and Reports from non-governmental organizations to the 2014 United Nations Forum on Business and Human Rights. 13