E/CN.4/1995/78/Add.1 page 13 and account for this disparity. Furthermore, the fact that one third of African Americans are considered poor means that they have "a five-year survival rate (with cancer) 12 per cent lower than that of Whites, 50 per cent for Whites and 38 per cent for Blacks". 16/ 41. A comparison of statistics for diabetes also reveals a higher incidence of morbidity or mortality among African Americans compared with Whites. "Rates of diagnosed diabetes are 50 per cent higher in Black males, and 100 per cent higher in Black females, compared with their White counterparts [and] the adjusted death rate from diabetes for Blacks is 2-4 times higher than for Whites." 17/ 42. It is possible that these statistical disparities are attributable to a lack of familiarity with and attention to health matters, but they are caused essentially by unequal access to health care, lack of medical insurance and discriminatory practices by part of the medical profession. Far fewer Blacks than Whites are able to see a doctor each year because they are poor and have no insurance. Moreover, the major medical centres where the best doctors work are usually in residential areas where Whites live rather than in the poor districts inhabited by the Blacks. When the Blacks go to see a doctor, if he is White they are not well treated. Other ethnic minorities also face similar situations. The case of a Hispanic who reportedly died after an injection of a higher than usual dose of anaesthetic because the doctor thought that Hispanics were more sensitive to pain than Whites was brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur. 18/ 43. Some home care agencies also refuse to send their staff to districts where ethnic minorities live. A study by the Department of Health at a Manhattan hospital revealed that it was the hospital’s policy to admit Whites on one floor and to give them better care, while Blacks and Hispanics were relegated to another floor where they received poorer care. Between 3,000 and 3,500 complaints of racial discrimination are received each year by the Civil Rights Department of the Department of Health. 19/ 44. One hidden fact that should be brought out into the open is that racism lies at the root of many psychological disorders and mental illnesses, including neurosis and psychosis suffered by persons belonging to ethnic minorities. However, practitioners tend to disregard this factor in diagnosing and treating patients. In preference to alternative therapies drawing on the patient’s experience, practitioners administer heavy doses of medicines, thereby making the patients dependent or even feeble-minded. B. Education 45. Although the United States Supreme Court’s famous decision in Brown v. Board of Education, in 1954, abolished segregation in education, a form of de facto education stemming from economic inequality has emerged. Since many people from ethnic minorities cannot afford to enter the private schools and universities, which are the best, the majority of them end up in establishments that are inadequately subsidised by public funds. As a result, children from ethnic minorities receive an inferior education and are not so well prepared to meet the demands of the American economy or to manage public affairs. Authoritative studies by the Urban League show that "a large number