A/HRC/16/29 45. Part III provides eight tools to assist UNDP staff in building and/or strengthening their work on minorities in development programming and conflict prevention efforts. The tools are clustered as follows: Tool 1 – Checklist for Developing Programmes and Projects on Minorities in Development; Tool 2 – Vulnerability Assessment; Tool 3 – HRBA Causality Analysis; Tool 4 – Collecting Quantitative Ethnic Data; Tool 5 – Survey Design, Data Collection and Sampling Method: Case Example from UNDP Ukraine; Tool 6 – Measuring ‘Ethnic Distance’; Tool 7 – Early Warning on Minorities and Conflict; Tool 8 – Integrating Minorities into the UNDP Programme Cycle. Tool 1 – Checklist for developing programmes and projects on minorities in development 46. This tool can be used for collecting a range of baseline information to help build activities to promote and protect rights of minorities. It draws from an Information Note developed by OHCHR for its staff and other practitioners, with the support of the InterAgency Group on Minorities. Several sections address the needs and rights of particular minority groups, including displaced minorities, minority women, and religious minorities. In its final part it offers guidelines on how the United Nations can support the effective participation of persons belonging to minorities. Tool 2 – Vulnerability assessments 47. This tool has been adapted from the UNDP Toolkit for a Human Rights Based Approach and Gender Analysis for Local Governance. It was developed by UNDP Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Rights-based Municipal Development Programme (RMAP) project. It includes a “Vulnerable Groups List”, which is an extensive list of pertinent indicators and questions for identifying potentially vulnerable groups and assess likely human rights issues affecting them in the country context. The list includes groups such as women, persons with disabilities, national minorities, Roma, displaced persons, refugees and returnees, children, the elderly, trafficked persons, detainees, HIV positive persons, homosexuals and the very poor. The Vulnerability Assessment for Roma is provided as an example of how to target assessment to a specific minority group. The questions can be adapted for other minorities. Tool 3 – HRBA causality analysis 48. The UN Common Learning Package on the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) has developed a causality analysis process. To make a development intervention produce sustainable results, activities need to address the root causes of discrimination and inequalities. This tool aims at highlighting the underlying causes to non-fulfilled rights and development challenges. It analyzes not only the immediate causes for a situation but also the underlying and structural causes of social exclusion, poverty, discrimination or any other condition related to non-fulfilment of human rights. This tool can be useful for determining root causes of the marginalization of minority groups. It proposes the Problem Tree/Objectives Tree to facilitate causal analysis. Tool 4 – Challenges in collecting quantitative ethnic data 49. This tool was developed by the UNDP Regional Centre for Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States. It draws from the experiences of data collection on minority groups, including innovative surveys conducted in support of the UNDP Regional Human Development Report on the Roma, “Avoiding the Dependency Trap” (2003) and “At Risk: Roma and the Displaced in Southeast Europe” (2006). This tool provides a detailed introduction to the approaches and challenges of collecting disaggregated data by ethnicity, religion and/or language. It provides guiding principles for new data collection on minorities such as household incomes and expenditures and in labour force surveys disaggregated by ethnicity or religion. 12