A/HRC/59/63 pushing censorship in schools of topics such as race, history, sexual orientation, gender and religion, and that hate groups were misusing “religious freedom” rhetoric to legitimize extremist views. 88. The Southern Poverty Law Centre reported that the spread of extremist ideologies, and radicalization, recruitment and financing of extremist groups, largely occurred online, where loosened moderation and algorithmic amplification fuelled the spread of hate speech and disinformation. It called for innovative ways to enable the public – especially young people, parents and educators – to recognize and resist disinformation and radicalization. SOVA Research Centre 89. The SOVA Research Centre reported a rise in racist violence in the Russian Federation in 2024, driven largely by groups of young people reviving traditions of Nazi skinhead groups from the 2000s. It reported that these groups targeted perceived “ethnic outsiders”, as well as vulnerable populations including people experiencing homelessness or those with alcohol addiction. It stated that these attacks had included women and children and that videos of such violence had been published online. It reported the resurgence of past forms of far-right violence, including assaults on individuals based on their choice of partner. It stated that the level of brutality of attacks was increasing. 90. The SOVA Research Centre reported an increase in convictions for hate crimes, and stated that law enforcement authorities had demonstrated willingness to prosecute such attacks, however it also reported that law enforcement officers were not keeping up with the growing violence. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 91. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) provided information about UNESCO initiatives to counter racism and discrimination. UNESCO reported that key efforts included the expansion of the Network of Anti-Racism and Anti-Discrimination Officials; the Global Alliance against Racism and Discrimination, which reportedly seeks to create a collaborative space for like-minded stakeholders to advocate for a cross-cutting approach to addressing racism issues across all sectors of government and society; and research-driven initiatives such as the Global Outlook Against Racism and Discrimination, which uses artificial intelligence to map and analyse patterns of discrimination across regions and contexts. UNESCO reported that by addressing a critical gap in comparable equality data across regions, the Global Outlook Against Racism and Discrimination provided insights into systemic and structural racism, highlighting key drivers, impacts and responses. UNESCO reported that race emerged as the basis for 38 per cent of reported discrimination cases globally, followed by sex and gender (33 per cent) and ethnicity (20 per cent). 92. UNESCO provided information about its youth-focused interventions, including its Master Class Series against Racism and Discrimination, and the International Programme on Holocaust and Genocide Education. UNESCO also provided information about the launch of its Network of Places of History and Memory linked to Enslavement and the Slave Trade. World Jewish Congress 93. The World Jewish Congress reported a surge in anti-Jewish hatred and global threats against Jewish communities following the 7 October 2023 Hamas terror attacks against Israel. In its submission, it reported that extremist groups had weaponized public protests, digital platforms and artificial intelligence to spread propaganda, incite violence and distort history. It reported that such groups amplified antisemitic narratives and glorified violence against Jews. It asserted that this fuelled social division, eroded democratic values, and normalized antisemitism in political and activist spaces. 94. The submission also provided information about alleged incidents of antisemitism in Australia, in the United States of America and in the digital space. It reported that unmoderated dark web spaces served as incubators for extremist content, which was then funnelled onto more mainstream online platforms, creating a pipeline for neo-Nazi and antisemitic propaganda. 14 GE.25-07709