A/HRC/52/71 implementation of the Declaration and generating the means to achieve wider and tangible progress. 6. The recommendations are intended to be implemented in countries throughout the world in order to assist States to better understand their human rights obligations in relation to minorities and to assist them in identifying approaches for the full respect of universal human rights standards. 7. They are also intended to encourage further wide-reaching discussions with representatives of minorities on the way forward and action-oriented means to enhance the protection of the human rights of minorities and to translate the provisions of the Declaration into action on the ground. II. General recommendations 8. States should ratify, accede to and adhere to all international and regional human rights instruments that protect and promote the human rights of minorities. 9. States should ensure full implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. 10. States should strengthen their efforts to protect the right to life of minorities and take all necessary measures to prevent crimes against minority youth and women. 11. States managing humanitarian aid must take urgent action to avoid discriminating against minorities, including Roma persons with disabilities and Dalits with disabilities, in receiving the aid. 12. States should evaluate the content of existing educational curricula, including textbooks, on the basis of clear standards on intercultural education, including adequate representation of minorities, including Roma and Dalits, with the effective participation of minorities. 13. The United Nations should ensure that minorities such as Roma and Dalits are included throughout their regional and country-specific programmes and use its extensive competency to address the increasing number of violations of the human rights of minorities resulting from environmental injustice. 14. The media should responsibly and proactively raise awareness about minority issues in order to educate the general public and hold decision makers accountable for their decisions that affect minorities. III. Recommendations to address gaps in the normative frameworks and to mainstream the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities at the United Nations 15. In order to ensure the protection and enjoyment of the rights of minorities, a legally binding treaty and a monitoring body should be considered by States and the United Nations by: (a) Presenting a clear definition of minorities and breaking away from the old colonial constructs, including on the basis of “old” and “new” minorities, as proposed by the Special Rapporteur on minority issues in his 2019 report to the General Assembly;1 (b) Recognizing the right determination and self-governance; (c) 1 GE.22-29477 of minorities to self-identification, self- Depicting recognition of minorities as a duty on States; A/74/160, para. 53. 3