A/75/385 interference in the ability of a person or a group of persons to practice or hold beliefs; equally, the right requires States to ensure that individuals or communities do not experience discrimination in the enjoyment of human rights on the basis of, or in the name of, religion or belief.172 76. The 2030 Agenda’s commitment to leave no one behind cannot be achieved without addressing discrimination and exclusion based on religion or belief. In addition to implicating wrongful restrictions on a person’s or community’s freedom to practice their religion or belief, the elimination of all forms of discrimination on the basis of religion or belief involves examining entire legal, economic, social and political structures that produce inequality gaps in the enjoyment of myriad human rights. 77. In order to identify the source, scope and multiple impacts of discrimination it is important to scrutinize the State’s legislative and institutional frameworks, policies and practices, and hierarchies of opportunities and the material realities of rights-holders’ lives. The Special Rapporteur’s proposed illustrative indicators framework pays particular attention to multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination experienced by religious or belief minorities who all too often are not part of human rights and development monitoring efforts. Building on existing frameworks of analysis, including that of the SDGs and the OHCHR Human Rights Indicators Toolkit,173 the Special Rapporteur offers a set of indicators that seem most appropriate for the targets in question as it pertains to religious or belief minorities. 78. The development of human rights indicators is an ongoing endeavour – policymakers, State actors and civil society should adapt the Special Rapporteur’s proffered indicator framework to the specific contexts in which they work. Such adapted indicators should be explicitly derived from human rights standards and principles with a view to holding duty-bearers accountable for respecting human rights. It is also important that indicators go beyond assessing restrictions on the manifestation of religion or belief to assess the impact of laws, policies and other actions and omissions on horizontal inequalities between groups in the enjoyment of other human rights including health, education, access to justice and freedom from violence. Thus, the identification of indicators both requires and facilitates a careful delineation of the normative attributes of freedom of religion or belief. 79. The indicators framework includes qualitative and quantitative benchmarks that, if achieved, evidence national level implementation of SDG goals and targets. In this way, indicators provide substantive information about the content and scope of the SDGs for both policymakers and civil society to inspire advocacy, action and accountability. VIII. Recommendations 80. In light of the preceding analysis, the Special Rapporteur recommends States to: (a) Repeal all laws that undermine the exercise of the human right to freedom of religion or belief, including the withdrawal of reservations to international human rights treaties that are inconsistent with freedom of religion or belief. Particular attention should be paid to upholding the obligation to protect the rights of members of religious or belief minorities, as well as those of women, children, members of the LGBT+ community and others in vulnerable situations, such as migrants, refugees and internally displaced persons; (b) Introduce into the context of policymaking, the principles of universality, non-discrimination and equality, the methodology of participatory decision-making, the duty of accountability and the recognition of the interdependence of rights 172 173 See, A/HRC/37/49, para. 37; 1992 Minorities Declaration. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights Indicators: A Guide to Measurement and Implementation (2012). 19