A/75/385 was a key tool in the hate campaign against Rohingya Muslims more generally advanced by nationalistic political parties, members of the Government, and religious and civil leaders.79 36. Human rights organisations report that violence, mass killings and other atrocities are increasing in countries both affected and unaffected by war. 80 In Mali, armed extremists threaten both Christian and Muslim communities with severe violence.81 Most recently, news outlets have reported that gunmen targeted and killed approximately 27 people in Central Malian villages that are predominantly inhabited by Christians. 82 In Egypt, security forces are accused of normalizing patterns of sectarian attacks against Coptic Christians owing to the level of impunity for acts of violence against Copts.83 Similarly, reports of police inaction in India, where mobs have destroyed Muslim property and businesses 84 and violently attacked Muslims85 deeply concern the Special Rapporteur. There have also been reports of police officers directly attacking Muslims. In one incident, police officers were seen on video beating a group of five Muslim men who had been injured during a mob attack in Delhi and ordering them to sing the national anthem. 86 37. In some countries, the scale and intensity of violence perpetrated against religious or belief minorities has reached the devastating level of atrocity crimes. Conflict in the Central African Republic, including crimes against humanity targeting Muslims in Bangassou in 2017,87 has driven 80% of the country’s pre-conflict minority Muslim population out of the country.88 Extensive evidence suggests that in Myanmar, violence – including murder, rape, torture, burning and forced starvation – perpetrated by Myanmar’s security forces in villages across northern Rakhine State is part of a systematic attack on the Rohingya population. 89 Atrocities and war crimes towards religious or belief minorities have been carried out along gendered lines. The United Nations’ fact-finding mission on Myanmar found that “sexual and gender-based violence was a hallmark” of the Myanmar military’s genocidal campaign against the Rohingya.90 The Special Rapporteur notes that Shan, Kachin and ethnic Rakhine have also been among the victims of the Tatmadaw human rights violations. 38. The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)/Daesh has perpetrated some of the deadliest attacks in Iraq and Syria. ISIL targeted 400,000 members of the Yazidi ethnoreligious minority in their homeland of Sinjar, Iraq in 2014 –– committing genocide, multiple crimes against humanity and war crimes. 91 Members of Iraq’s diverse ethnic and religious communities, including Turkmen, Shabak, Christians, Sabaeans, Kaka’i, Faili Kurds, and Arab Shi’a have also been victims of ISIL deadly and systematic abuses. 92 In Syria, ISIL has similarly committed genocide against the Yazidi community through enslavement; killings; widespread sexual violence 93 and measures to prevent Yazidi women from giving birth. 94 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 10 https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/A_HRC_39_CRP.2.pdf https://minorityrights.org/publications/peoplesunderthreat2018/. A/HRC/40/77, A/HRC/37/78 para 43. https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-05-28/twenty-seven-killed-in-central-mali-ethnicattacks-local- officials-say. Submission to the Special Rapporteur (confidential); see also, https://minorityrights.org/minorities/copts/. Submission to the Special Rapporteur (confidential); See also https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/14/failing-hold-violent-cow-protectors-account-india. https://scroll.in/latest/969614/delhi-violence-mob-burnt-22-year-old-mans-unconscious-body-tocheck-if-he-was-dead-say-police. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/toll-rises-to-22-in-delhi-violence-as-modi-issues-plea-forcalm/2020/02/26/2cb8e0d8-589f-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html; https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/delhi-riots-police-national-anthem-videofaizan_in_5e5bb8e1c5b6010221126276?guccounter=1. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/02/1056962. https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Tier1_CAR.pdf. https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/178/178-20200123-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf A/HRC/39/CRP.2, paras. 1441, 1511 and 1516. A/HRC/39/CRP.2, paras. 347-348. See also A/HRC/42/CRP.4. A/HRC/32/CRP.2, para. 15; A/HRC/28/18. https://minorityrights.org/country/iraq/; https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc11840.doc.htm. A/HRC/37/CRP.3 paras. 72-89. A/HRC/32/CRP.2.