A/HRC/28/64/Add.2 causes must be adequately addressed through specific programmes and investment directed to the most disadvantaged groups. In order to address the issue of violence, impunity must be tackled, perpetrators must be held accountable for their crimes and victims must be adequately redressed. Many areas in the Niger Delta are still suffering from dire environmental degradation due to frequent oil spills. Affected communities, including the Ogoni and Ikwerre groups, have been deprived of their traditional livelihoods and face difficulties in gaining access to basic services. Urgent clean-up operations of polluted areas are required and concrete measures needed to guarantee alternative means of livelihood and adequate services to affected communities. Nigeria’s rich linguistic diversity encompasses hundreds of minority languages, though several of them are under threat. Government programmes to preserve the major minority languages are contributing to safeguarding Nigeria’s linguistic heritage. However, further measures are required, including provisions for language education in lesser used languages. 2