A/HRC/20/26 (m) States protect all individuals against any harmful effects of the misuse of scientific and technological developments while ensuring that limitations to the right to benefit from scientific progress and its applications, including scientific freedom, are in conformity with international standards; (n) The research practices of public and private institutions alike respect ethical standards and human rights, including when research is conducted abroad. Scientific and engineering organizations and research facilities should adopt ethical standards explicitly based on human rights; (o) States guard against promoting the privatization of knowledge to an extent that deprives individuals of opportunities to take part in cultural life and enjoy the fruits of scientific progress, and consequently to reconsider the current maximalist intellectual property approach and explore the virtues of a minimalist approach to intellectual property protection. States should also further develop and promote creative mechanisms for protecting the financial interests of creators and the human rights of individuals and communities; (p) States request legislative and policy advice from WIPO, including on how to use TRIPS flexibilities to accommodate particular national interests and development needs; (q) States implement the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and the Special Rapporteur on the right to food on the issue of intellectual property rights.81 75. The Special Rapporteur also recommends that: (a) A participatory process be adopted to further enhance the conceptual clarity of the right to science and related obligations, involving United Nations human rights mechanisms, in particular relevant special procedures of the Human Rights Council, relevant intergovernmental organizations, States, the private sector and civil society, including through a day of general discussion on the topic by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the organization of non-official meetings; (b) The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights review article 15 of the Covenant in a comprehensive manner, and envisage adopting a new general comment encompassing all rights recognized therein; (c) National mapping of existing practices be undertaken, possibly under the collaborative leadership of UNESCO and WIPO. In particular, compilations of good practices should be elaborated on: 81 (i) Measures to promote access to scientific benefits, including access to scientific knowledge; (ii) International cooperation and transfer of technologies; (iii) Measures to respect, protect and promote scientific freedom; (iv) Human rights safeguards in the conduct and application of scientific research; See A/HRC/11/12, AHRC/17/43 and A/64/170. 21

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