− − − − − bodies or other high-level organs as well as special measures for minority participation in the civil service;92 Electoral systems that facilitate minority representation and influence, while opening competition for votes among all sectors in society.93 Inter-community political platforms can play an important role in the integration of society and effective participation of minorities; Advisory or consultative bodies and mechanisms that act as formal or informal channels of communication between governments and community representatives; Bodies and processes designed to ensure and promote effective dialogue; Non-territorial self-governance arrangements or power-sharing arrangements aiming to enhance particular groups’ influence over matters of special concern to them; In certain circumstances, territorial self-governance arrangements, such as territorial devolution of powers, may also facilitate the representation of individual minority groups. Regardless of form, institutions of self-governance must be based on democratic principles and processes to ensure that they can legitimately claim to reflect the views of all the communities settled in the concerned territory and that they fully respect the human rights of all persons, including of minorities, within their jurisdictions. In this context, power-sharing arrangements, where in place, should not be constructed in a manner that excludes any communities from representation. b. Social and economic participation 40. Effective social and economic participation on an equal footing for all members of society is essential for successful integration. States should formulate and implement policies in relevant areas, such as education and training, employment, healthcare, housing and access to public goods and services, so that these promote socio-economic inclusion in a comprehensive manner. The effective participation of persons belonging to minorities in the economic and social life of the State is as important as their participation in public affairs. Participation in social and economic life covers a wide range of issues, including: 92 93 As specified by the Lund Recommendations, Recommendations 6–11. Also see principle 28. Guidelines on Integration of Diverse Societies 47