judiciary. Ensuring effective access to remedies could include establishing and supporting effective independent bodies, such as ombudspersons or national human rights institutions, and providing free legal assistance for those who require it. Information campaigns regarding rights and remedies, and how these can be accessed, may also be required. In addition to individual judicial remedies59, it is also important that society is open to systemic changes to prevent violations from continuing. Monitoring and analysing rights violations, including by collecting disaggregated data; establishing independent human rights institutions; and encouraging the participation of civil society in the monitoring process, can provide the impetus for systemic change.60 22. States should ensure that suitable and effective institutional arrangements are in place for formulating and implementing integration policy. Although determining the optimal institutional arrangements depends on the context, public/governmental and/or independent institutions need to exist to effectively formulate and implement integration policies. Their competences and tasks should be specified and their functioning properly ensured. The various roles have to be well-defined to ensure clarity of implementation and to avoid duplication. For example, independent institutions are engaged in monitoring policies, but are not normally responsible for formulating them. Special bodies or units of the government or authorities may be useful to improve the effectiveness of integration-policy formulation and co-ordination, and to raise visibility. It is also important that States make sure that integration policy is given the appropriate level of priority among policy areas so that separate bodies do not find themselves marginalized. Beyond formulating, implementing and monitoring policies, integration-related institutional arrangements should also ensure that the pluralism of society is adequately reflected in the country’s institutional and decision-making structures. Such arrangements, which might include special bodies or procedures, should also include platforms for formulating and promoting cross-community interests. Legislation should provide for such platforms at all levels of government, including 59 60 See Guideline 47. Important specifications of these principles in different areas are provided by the various General Policy Recommendations issued by the Council of Europe’s European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (hereinafter: “ECRI”). Guidelines on Integration of Diverse Societies 31