Primary education  in school year 2012-13 194 kindergartens operate in Thrace. Out of a total of 3902 students, 1279 are members of the Muslim minority. 44 all-day minority schools operate with 93 classes. , In the period 2004-12, 146 young Muslims permanent teachers were recruited. In the school year 201112 there were 309 permanent Muslim teachers graduates of the Muslim Special Education College and 72 Muslim teachers have been recruited as alternates.  Expenditure on salaries for elementary education teaching staff has increased over the last years amounting to 18.672.936,000 euros in 2012 .  The operating expenditure paid over by the Ministry of Education to the minority schools' elected school• boards reached the amount of 1.115,000 euros in 2009. In 2011, 632.411 euros were spent for the same purpose. In order to address school drop-out in socially disadvantaged groups of Muslims, more than 1.200.000 euros have been spent over the last five years. Each year, on average 60.000 copies of 55 Greek school books and 38.000 copies of 37 Turkish school books are distributed to all Muslim students. In 2012, 80.000 of 55 Greek school books and 50.000 copies of 43 Turkish school books were distributed.  For the Muslim Students' Special Education programme, run by the University of Athens: 10.2555.000 euros have been allocated for the programme over the period 2010-2013. 9.640.000 euros have been spent over the period 1996-2004 and 7.350.000 euros over the period 2004-08.  55 new Greek language-learning books have been published  412 teacher received in-service training over the period 2010-2013. In total 850 teachers have received in-service training on the programme, during the last 12 years.  Hundreds of Muslim students, especially those in mountainous and inaccessible areas, have been educated through Special Mobile Units.