E/CN.4/2004/80 page 23 5 See the second report on the Russian Federation of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (CRI (2001) 41), and the consideration of the fourteenth periodic report of the Russian Federation by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/SR.1247). 6 B. Fernando, “Contemporary problems in administration of justice in India: Answers to a questionnaire formulated by the Committee on Reforms of the Criminal Justice System”, article 2 (Asian Legal Resource Centre), vol. 1, No. 2 (April 2002), p. 17. 7 Background paper presented at the Expert Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and Administration of Justice by Bill Jonas (HR/MADRID/IP/SEM/2003/BP.25), p. 8. See also the statements submitted by the Aboriginal Heritage Support Group to the Working Group on Indigenous Populations in 1997 and 2000. 8 Background paper presented at the Expert Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and Administration of Justice by Marcia Esparza (HR/MADRID/IP/SEM/2003/BP.20). 9 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1993. 10 Background paper presented at the Expert Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and Administration of Justice by Daniel Watson (HR/MADRID/IP/SEM/2003/BP.21). 11 Aboriginal Women: A Demographic, Social and Economic Profile, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Summer 1996. 12 Alaska Justice Forum, No. 1 (2000); Alaska Supreme Court Report: Fairness and Access Problems and Recommendations, ibid., vol. 14, No. 3 (Fall 1997). 13 The Committee on the Rights of the Child has observed that in Australia, indigenous youth are likely to be denied bail (CRC/C/15/Add.79, para. 22). See also Canadian Criminal Justice Association, Aboriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System (Ottawa, May 2000). 14 J. Baker, “The scope for reducing indigenous imprisonment rates”, Crime and Justice Bulletin, (NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research), No. 55 (March 2001). 15 G. Maxwell and C. Smith, Police Perceptions of Maori: A Report to the New Zealand Police and the Ministry of Maori Development/Te Puni Kokiri, (Institute of Criminology, Victoria University of Wellington, March 1998), p. 6. 16 17 Report on Combating and Preventing Maori Crime (2002). J. Bessant, “Australia’s mandatory sentencing laws, ethnicity and human rights”, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, vol. 8, No. 4 (2001), pp. 369-384.