E/CN.4/1996/72/Add.3 page 26 In late 1994, a new, basically anti-Muslim pamphlet came out and was addressed to several security firms. It was from the self-styled “republican forces for the liberation of France” and called for “killing, stamping out, burning or blowing up anything that is Algerian, Arab or preaches the Jihad on our soil”. Among those responsible for spontaneous acts of violence are many ultranationalists and skinheads. More rarely, groups of politicized individuals take part, who plan their initiatives carefully and afterwards claim responsibility, always identifying themselves by the same name. This was the case recently of the 1987 attacks, for which Irgoun Drei claimed responsibility, and of the 1988 attacks on the Sonacotra hostels in Alpes-Maritimes, for which Massada claimed responsibility. Location of acts of racism The breakdown of racist violence by region, with two major centres in Ile-de-France and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, is similar to the distribution pattern of anti-Semitism: Ile-de-France: 32 acts reported since 1991; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur: 22 acts reported since 1991. The Lorraine and Rhône-Alpes regions are also affected, but to a lesser extent, with 10 and 11 acts, respectively. In Ile-de-France, the high population density, and above all the fact that extreme-right, nationalist and neo-Nazi organizations as well as skinhead groups are particularly well-established there, may explain such numbers. Essonne is the most vulnerable department in this respect. In Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, the departments with the highest incidence are Alpes-Maritimes and Bouches-du-Rhône. The Rhône-Alpes region is marked by striking disparities: the violence is concentrated almost entirely in Savoie and Rhône, with the other departments only slightly concerned. Anti-Maghrebi attacks in Corsica This phenomenon was not really considered separately until early 1994. Earlier research revealed 18 violent acts in 1992 against the Maghrebi community, primarily of Moroccan origin, with one person injured. In 1993, there were 20 such acts, with four persons injured. In 1994 as well, 20 violent acts were reported and were, increasingly serious (one person dead and five injured, all Moroccan): An employee of the Ajaccio Health Department was murdered on 5 February; A Moroccan was assaulted in Bastia and seriously injured on 9 January;