A/HRC/25/58 expressions which may incite to religious violence and manifestations of collective religious hatred. They also have a crucial role to play in speaking out firmly and promptly against intolerance, discriminatory stereotyping and instances of hate speech; (g) States and other stakeholders should facilitate a culture of frank public discourse in which people can express their concerns, worries, anxieties and less pleasant experiences in the area of religious or belief pluralism. Encouraging people to express their fears and negative experiences in public, instead of confining them to private circles, opens up opportunities for counter-evidence and alternative narratives that can put things into realistic proportion and perspective. This may help to prevent adverse experiences from hardening into fixed prejudices; (h) States and other stakeholders should encourage inter- and intrareligious communication and take practical initiatives to engage all relevant stakeholders, in full recognition of the existing and emerging pluralism in society. This should also include intergenerational pluralism. A main purpose of inter- and intrareligious communicative efforts should be to replace negative stereotypes and preconceptions with real encounters between real human beings, both as individuals and within their communities. Women (often heavily underrepresented) must always have a substantive share in such initiatives, which should be promoted at the local, national and international levels; (i) States should create accessible focal points within the administration in charge of developing relationships of trust with representatives of different religious or belief communities. Regular meetings — at the municipal, national and regional levels — can help to keep the communication channels open. Such meetings may include practical “manoeuvres” in which fictitious crisis situations are played out to test and develop de-escalation strategies. This may help close the gap between early warning and early action; (j) International forums, such as the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, as well as existing United Nations mechanisms for the protection and promotion of human rights, should be used to exchange positive experiences of human rights-based de-escalation strategies aimed at preventing, or coping with, manifestations of collective religious hatred and at combating advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence; (k) Public and private media should be encouraged to help overcome religious or belief-related stereotypes by replacing these with more accurate and nuanced information. By promoting more balanced representations, professional journalism, including investigative journalism, can contribute to a public atmosphere of common sense, realism and experience, serving as an antidote to conspiracy theories, misperceptions and public hysteria. As new social media and the Internet have become major tools for fostering advocacy of religious hatred and incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence in many countries, specific efforts should be directed towards understanding and addressing this phenomenon appropriately; (l) The media is encouraged to develop voluntary guidelines for reporting on religious issues, in particular as regards situations of (alleged or factual) religious conflicts. Self-regulatory supervision mechanisms, such as regular peer review, can help to implement such guidelines in ways that fully respect the human right to freedom of expression; (m) Those responsible in public and private media should ensure a fair participation of religious or belief minorities within the media, so that their voices can 20