A/HRC/46/58 and religious leaders, public officials should actively and continuously condemn and speak out against hate speech, and express solidarity with those targeted by such expressions. 57. With the cooperation of all relevant sectors – including government agencies, Internet companies and social media platforms, civil society organizations, law enforcement, media representatives, educators and members of minorities – an independent, cross-sectoral, multidisciplinary, multi-stakeholder national-level body composed of qualified experts should be established to monitor the dissemination of hate speech and the implementation of relevant laws and policies, work to counter hate speech against minorities, and develop a code of conduct on the regulation of hate speech in accordance with international human rights law. The body should cooperate closely with international and regional human rights mechanisms and processes. 58. Social media companies should put human rights at the centre of their content moderation policies and practices and their oversight mechanisms. Freedom of expression should have a central role, alongside the principles of equality and non-discrimination, with a specific focus on protected characteristics such as ethnicity, religion or language, and on antisemitism, Islamophobia, anti-Gypsyism, and discrimination based on caste and other grounds. 59. Social media companies should protect users against hate speech. They should also take measures to prevent, mitigate and remedy human rights violations that they may cause or contribute to, as established by the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. 60. Social media companies should evaluate how their products, services and practices affect human rights, particularly the rights of persons belonging to minorities since they are the main targets of hate speech on social media, and should make that information available through public and transparent periodic human rights impact assessments. Such assessments must focus specifically and concretely on hate speech, including through the application of algorithms, and on its impact on minority communities. 61. Internet companies should also hold a transparent dialogue with civil society, especially those representing minorities as the main targets of hate speech, on how they are addressing issues highlighted in the human rights impact assessments. 62. Social media companies should ensure that their hate speech policies contain an evaluation of context, including the harm to persons belonging to minorities, by ensuring that human beings are involved in the application of any use of automation or artificial intelligence tools. 63. Companies should at a minimum expressly align their content policies, decisions and actions concerning hate speech and any oversight mechanisms with international human rights law and standards, including United Nations treaties; the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities; the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech; the Rabat Plan of Action; the annual report of the Special Rapporteur on minority issues on hate speech, social media and minorities (A/HRC/46/57), and the 2018 report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of freedom of opinion and expression on the regulation of online “hate speech” (A/HRC/38/35). Companies should also ensure the greatest possible transparency, accessibility and consistency in the application of their content policies, decisions and actions, and should further ensure clarity in the definition of their hate speech policies. 64. All stakeholders should develop methods for identifying expressions that amount to advocacy of hatred constituting incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence. 65. States should take action against disinformation deliberately spread to cause harm to minorities. National human rights institutions and civil society should collaborate to provide, collect and disseminate relevant data on the incidence and phenomenon of hate speech against minorities. 8