A/HRC/25/49 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–4 3 II. Processes of memorialization: goals and challenges .............................................. 5–24 3 A. An evolution of expectations regarding memorialization............................... 8–14 4 B. Critically assessing memorialization policies and practices ........................... 15–17 5 C. Political agendas in the battlefield of memory .............................................. 18–24 6 A normative framework: the emergence of memorialization standards ................. 25–48 7 A. The Joinet-Orentlicher and the Van Boven-Bassiouni Principles .................. 27–32 7 B. Diplomatic conferences ................................................................................. 33–35 8 C. Rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.................................. 36–38 9 D. Recommendations of truth and reconciliation commissions .......................... 39–44 9 E. The cultural rights angle ................................................................................. 45–48 10 Memorialization practices: specific challenges....................................................... 49–97 11 A. Victims, perpetrators and heroes .................................................................... 50–56 11 B. The issue of temporality ................................................................................. 57–58 12 C. “Illegal” memorials ........................................................................................ 59–60 13 D. Monuments and sites of past oppressive regimes ........................................... 61–63 13 E. Promoting critical thinking and civic engagement ......................................... 64–65 13 F. The role of artists............................................................................................ 66–73 14 G. Museums of history/memory.......................................................................... 74–79 16 H. Managing the remains .................................................................................... 80–82 16 I. Memorialization of slave trades...................................................................... 83–85 17 J. Memorializing the histories of indigenous peoples ........................................ 86–89 17 K. The role of external actors ............................................................................. 90–92 18 L. The recipients of memorial initiatives ............................................................ 93–97 18 Conclusions and recommendations......................................................................... 98–109 19 List of participants in the expert meeting (Geneva, 7 and 8 October 2013)..................................... 23 III. IV. V. Annex 2