A/RES/73/172 Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions regard to ensure that police and law enforcement officials are guided by the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials 13 and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials; 14 (b) To ensure the effective protection of the right to life of all persons, to conduct, when required by obligations under international law, prompt, exhaustive and impartial investigations into all killings, including those targeted at specific groups of persons, such as racially motivated violence leading to the death of the victim, killings of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities or because of their sexual orientation or gender identity, killings of persons affected by terrorism or hostage-taking or living under foreign occupation, killings of refugees, internally displaced persons, migrants, street children or members of indigenous communities, killings of persons for reasons related to their activities as human rights defenders, lawyers, journalists or demonstrators, killings committed in the name of passion or in the name of honour and killings committed for discriminatory reasons on any basis, to bring those responsible to justice before a competent, independent and impartial judiciary at the national or, where appropriate, international level and to ensure that such killings, including those committed by security forces, police and law enforcement agents, paramilitary groups or private forces, are neither condoned nor sanctioned by State officials or personnel; 8. Affirms the obligation of States, in order to prevent extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, to protect the lives of all persons deprived of their liberty in all circumstances and to investigate and respond to deaths in custody; 9. Encourages States, taking into account the relevant recommendations of the United Nations and of regional human rights syste ms, to review, where necessary, their domestic laws and practices with regard to the use of force in law enforcement in order to ensure that these laws and practices are in conformity with their international obligations and commitments; 10. Also encourages States to make appropriate protective equipment and less lethal weapons available to their officials exercising law enforcement duties, while pursuing efforts to regulate and establish protocols for the training and use of less lethal weapons and in this regard strengthening international cooperation; 11. Further encourages States to accelerate the work on fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 5 bearing in mind the importance of the full enjoyment of human rights and access to justice for all and effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, as well as the systematic mainstreaming of a gender perspective; 12. Urges all States to ensure that all persons deprived of their liberty are treated humanely and with full respect for international law and that their treatment, including judicial guarantees and conditions, conforms to, as appropriate, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules), 8 as well as the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules) 7 and, where applicable, the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 4 and the Additional Protocols thereto of 8 June 1977, 15 as well as other pertinent international instruments; 13. Welcomes the International Criminal Court as an important contribution to ending impunity concerning extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, and, __________________ 13 14 15 4/6 Resolution 34/169, annex. See Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, 27 August–7 September 1990: report prepared by the Secretariat (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.91.IV.2), chap. I, sect. B. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1125, Nos. 17512 and 17513. 18-22268