A/HRC/54/31 including Germany, the United Kingdom and Sweden. Considering their share of total ODA, Norway supports IPLC tenure and forest management at a far greater rate relative to its peers in Germany and the United Kingdom.”91 VI. Conclusions 74. The shift to green finance is necessary and urgent, and if done using a human rights-based approach it can be a source of opportunity for Indigenous Peoples to obtain funding to preserve their lands, knowledge and distinct ways of life, and to create economic opportunities that may help them to maintain and strengthen their indigenous identity.92 An indigenous rights-compliant form of green financing can infuse renewed hope for Indigenous Peoples’ physical and cultural survival, as well as the protection of their life-sustaining resources and the natural environment upon which they depend spiritually. 75. A just green transition will require that States and other financial actors break down the power asymmetries that continue to characterize aid and development financing and involve Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous women in particular, as equal stakeholders in the finance process and foster true cooperation and solidarity. As already observed by the previous Special Rapporteur in her report on international investment agreements, in spite of increasing human rights safeguards in host countries donors and investors continue to wield the most power and exclude from decisionmaking those most affected by their financial decisions. 93 76. States, international financial institutions and the private sector play a critical role in shaping policy beyond their financial investments and must take steps to ensure that Indigenous Peoples are consulted on, consent to and meaningfully participate in the development and implementation of projects and programmes that may affect their rights and interests. By doing so, they will contribute to the promotion of a sustainable and inclusive economy that benefits all stakeholders and rights holders, including Indigenous Peoples. When investing in green projects, some funding should be targeted directly to Indigenous Peoples. This may require allocating resources to secure their land tenure and/or empowering them to directly access funding through training and other empowerment measures. At the same time, investors should make every effort, through continuing consultations, to adapt their financing approach to be culturally appropriate for Indigenous Peoples. A successful transition to direct funding is not guaranteed through training alone but instead needs meaningful intercultural engagement with Indigenous organizations to help them build technical capacity. As many organizations are more political than technical in nature, that implies long-term funding to support technical bodies to enable the continuation of political activities. VII. Recommendations 77. The Special Rapporteur recommends that States: (a) Protect Indigenous Peoples from human rights abuses by business enterprises and financial actors within their territory or jurisdiction; (b) Acknowledge and respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, as enshrined in international human rights instruments, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. That includes the right to self-determination, lands, territories and resources, as well as the right to free, prior and informed consent in green finance decision-making processes that affect their lands and communities; 91 92 93 18 Rainforest Foundation Norway, “Falling short: donor funding for Indigenous Peoples and local communities to secure tenure rights and manage forests in tropical countries (2011–2020)”, p. 4. ILO, “La creación de empleos verdes para los jóvenes indígenas en Colombia” (2023) (in Spanish). See A/HRC/33/42. GE.23-13366