92 CULTURAL RIGHTS 26 Among others, HRC General Comment No. 23, op. cit., para. 6.1–6.2. 27 Ibid., para. 8. 28 See also CESCR Concluding Observations on Senegal, UN doc. E/C.12/1/Add.62, 2001, 29 Among others, HRC Concluding Observations on Chile, UN doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.104, para. 39. 1999, para. 22; I. Lansman et al. v. Finland (Communication no. 511/1992), UN doc. CCPR/C/52/D/511/1992; and J. Lansman et al. v. Finland (Communication no. 671/1995), UN doc. CCPR/C/58/D/671/1995. See also Advisory Committee on the FCNM, Opinion on Armenia, ACFC/INF/OP/I(2003)001, para. 78. 30 CERD Concluding Observations on Suriname, op. cit.; CERD General Recommendation XXIII, op. cit.; CESCR Concluding Observations on Ecuador, op. cit.; Russian Federation, op. cit. See also MacKay, F., ‘Indigenous peoples’ right to free, prior and informed consent and the World Bank’s Extractive Industries Review’, IV(2) Sustainable Development Law and Policy 43 (2004); and Preliminary Working Paper on the Principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent of Indigenous Peoples in Relation to Development Affecting their Lands and Natural Resources submitted by Antoanella-Iulia Motoc and the Tebtebba Foundation, UN doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/2004/4. 31 Draft optional protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Note by the Secretary-General. UN doc. E/CN.4/1997/105, 1996, paras. 24-8. See, also, Report of the open-ended working group to consider options regarding the elaboration of an optional protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on its first session, UN doc. E/CN.4/2004/44. 32 A helpful explanation of the Inspection Panel and its procedures is found in the Center for International Environmental Law’s ‘Citizen’s Guide to the World Bank Inspection Panel’, available in French, Spanish, English and Portuguese at: www.ciel.org/Ifi/IFIs_Inspection_Panel.html 33 The IADB’s Independent Investigation Mechanism came into effect in August 1994 (see, www.iadb.org/poli/investig.htm). The Asian Development Bank’s mechanism became effective in October 1996 and comprises a standing committee of the Bank’s Board of Directors, which makes recommendations to the full board as to whether a full investigation is required; if so, a full investigation is conducted by a panel of experts drawn from a roster. This process is substantially less independent than the World Bank and IADB mechanisms. 34 The operating procedures and other documents pertaining to the Inspection Panel are available at: //wbln0018.worldbank.org/ipn/ipnweb.nsf 35 See, Udall, L., The World Bank Inspection Panel: A Three Year Review, Bank Information Center: Washington DC, 1997 and; Alfredsson, G. & Ring, R. (eds), The Inspection Panel of the World Bank. A Different Complaints Procedure. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff, 2000. 36 See www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/fnesc/part07-1-e.html 37 Kayano et al. v. Hokkaido Expropriation Committee, Judgment of the Sapporo District Court, Civil Division No. 3, (issued 27 March 1997). 1598 Hanrei Jih_ 33; 938 Hanrei Times