E/CN.4/2000/82 page 19 (i) Action should be taken to strengthen technical advisory services and training in international human rights instruments for civil servants and migration officials at all levels, while incorporating the gender perspective into work with migrant populations;13 (j) Cooperative action to draw up migration policies that prevent the recurrence of patterns of subordination, violence against women migrants and gender-based discrimination should be encouraged;14 (k) Governments should be urged, in forums for negotiations and discussion, to take steps to prevent the trafficking in persons; and (l) Close links should be established between the protection of migrants’ rights and the work of the Preparatory Committee for the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance (to be held in 2001) as a way of documenting the cases of mass migrations caused by discrimination and by racial and ethnic conflicts. Of particular interest is the link between this phenomenon and factors that encourage people, especially women, to migrate.15 Notes 1 See the working paper prepared by Mr. Jorge A. Bustamante, Chairman/Rapporteur of the working group of intergovernmental experts on the human rights of migrants (E/CN.4/AC.46/1998/5). 2 See the report of the Secretary-General on international migration and development, including the convening of a United Nations conference on international migration and development (A/52/314), paras. 50-52. 3 The members of the Steering Committee are: European Union Migrants’ Forum, Inter-American Institute of Human Rights, International Catholic Migration Commission, International Commission of Jurists, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, International Labour Organization, International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples, International Migrants Rights Watch Committee, International Organization for Migration, Migrants Forum in Asia, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Public Services International and World Council of Churches. 4 Perruchoud, “Persons falling under the mandate of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and to whom the Organization may provide migration services”, 4 International Journal of Refugee Law, 205, 1992, p. 209, in IOM, IOM and Effective Respect for Migrants’ Rights, Legal Services, November 1997 (http://www.iom.int/migrationweb/Focus_Areas/entrym.htm). 5 See the discussion on “de facto refugees” in, for example, “Racism and intolerance versus refugees in the host country”, prepared by Peter Nobel for the Seminar of Experts on Racism, Refugees and Multi-ethnic States, held at Geneva from 6 to 8 December 1999, pp. 5 et seq. (HR/GVA/DR/SEM/1999/BP.3).