A/HRC/7/19/Add.5 A/HRC/7/23/Add.3 Page 29 Haitian descent, onerous requirements for late registration of births, or denial or revocation of cédulas belonging to people born in the Dominican Republic, constitute acts which deny constitutionally granted citizenship to persons belonging to this minority group, along with their children, thus rendering them stateless Other administrative measures currently employed in the Dominican Republic to deny or challenge on a discriminatory basis the status of others of Haitian descent also violates their rights and leaves them in legal limbo. 111. The independent expert, while recognizing the Government’s achievements in offering education to all children up to the sixth grade, considers that Dominicans of Haitian descent are being denied equal treatment and discriminated against in regard to their access to higher education and university, since they are unable to obtain the required cédula. Dominicans of Haitian descent who are unable to obtain documents are also effectively excluded from skilled labour markets and relegated to irregular jobs in such fields as agriculture, construction or domestic service. 112. Having visited the border area around Dajabón and bateyes in the San Pedro de Macoris region, the independent expert found that Haitians in long-term settled communities as well as Dominicans of Haitian descent live and work in fear and conditions of vulnerability, extreme poverty and super-exploitation of their labour. While they are being administratively denied documentation, all their other rights are subject to arbitrary rejection and abuse by low-level officials, police and military who have power, operate with limited instructions and have little accountability. In these environments the situations faced by minority women are of particular concern. Since they are denied the opportunity to work, their status as non-working dependents creates significantly greater vulnerability. 113. The Government’s exercise of deportation and expulsion procedures is considered by the independent expert not to conform to fundamental rights of due process, as mandated under international law and the domestic law of the Dominican Republic, particularly with respect to the right to a fair hearing and to appeal a decision of deportation to a court of law. Information provided strongly supports allegations that there have been summary expulsions where people are arbitrarily stopped on the roadside based on little more than their skin colour and, if they fail to present unquestionable documents, they are loaded onto a truck and dropped on the other side of the border. Reportedly, these kinds of indiscriminate sweeps have caught in their nets black Dominican citizens as well as Haitian migrants. VI. JOINT RECOMMEDATIONS OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF RACISM, RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, XENOPHOBIA AND RELATED INTOLERANCE AND THE INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON MINORITY ISSUES 114. The Special Rapporteur and the independent expert submit a number of joint recommendations on issues relating to political and legal, intellectual, cultural and ethical strategies to be implemented to tackle the existence of racism and racial discrimination and protect and promote the rights of minorities in the Dominican Republic.