A/70/310 74. A complex network of actors is involved in the current system of recruitment for low-wage migrant workers, including: many different components of the State architecture in countries of origin and destination, recruiters themselves, subcontractors of recruiters, employers, direct contractors of employers that use migrant workers, parent companies and other business entities further up the supply chain, domestic households, trade unions, business associations, civil society organizations, workers themselves, friends and families of migrants, and regional and international organizations. The complexity of the network of all those involved, and the opaque and underground way in which unethical recruitment takes place, makes it difficult to fully understand the system and to develop clear accountability for the rights of migrants. 75. While wholesale transition to an ethical system is undoubtedly challenging, it is not beyond the moral agency of Governments to facilitate such a change. Businesses do not operate in a vacuum that is outside the control of sovereign Governments. Governments set the regulatory and legal environment in which private entities can undertake their activities. Voluntary private compliance is not enough to protect the rights of migrants and sustained political will is needed to ensure that Governments use their legislative, policymaking, investigative and judicial powers to protect the rights of individuals regardless of nationality. 76. Based upon an enlightened conceptualization of economic growth and of efficient labour markets, and of their normative framework and human rights and labour law commitments, States must individually and collectively utilize their capacities to shift the bottom line and progressively nurture an exclusively ethical system of recruitment for global labour migration. A. Recommendations to Governments Overall migration policies and recognition of the push factors • Develop whole-system, human-rights-based frameworks for overall migration and border management that take into account the rights and needs of migrant workers, and the benefits of organized mobility, and incentivize regular, open and facilitated labour migration • Recognize the push factors related to precarious labour migration and, within the context of the post-2015 sustainable development goals agenda and other international and national policy initiatives, promote decent work opportunities for people at home. Decent work will empower people to make informed decisions about whether to seek work overseas and deal with recruitment processes from a position of choice • In further recognition of migration push factors, invest in sufficient social protection systems in countries of origin to ensure that poverty, and/or economic or environmental shocks do not force people into precarious labour migration 18/26 15-13569