A/61/324 (c) Abuse by public officials, including extortion, violation of the right to personal integrity and violation of the right to life; (d) Violations of or restrictions to the right to freedom of movement and security, in particular when migrants are held in administrative detention where the conditions of detention are inadequate, including lack of protection for vulnerable persons such as unaccompanied children, refugees and victims of trafficking; (e) Inadequate expulsion proceedings and processes, including being denied a fair hearing or the opportunity to recover wages owed or property before being expelled, as well being subjected to excessive use of force during expulsion; (f) Various forms of abuse of economic, social and cultural rights committed by private individuals or companies such as extremely long working hours, payment of salaries well below minimum wages established by law, non-payment of wages or illegal deductions from wages, and harsh and hazardous working conditions, among others. In some cases, these situations are tantamount to trafficking or forced labour; (g) Lack of access to very basic social services such as health care, even in emergencies, or education for children of irregular migrants. 50. The extreme exploitation often encountered by these workers minimizes their contribution to their families, and consequently to the development of their countries of origin. Additionally, the participation of these migrants in the irregular economy often means that they are placed outside the law and its protections and obligations, so that they do not or cannot pay taxes or contribute to social security and cannot complain in the face of abuse. 51. The perception by certain sectors of the population of host or receiving countries that migrants do not contribute to the societies in which they are living, but rather benefit from social services and other existing infrastructure, often to the disadvantage of the “native” population, fuels racism and anti-immigrant feeling. These seem often to be based on grave misconceptions regarding migrants’ participation in and contribution to the economies of the countries in which they live. 52. As with the other issues linked to migration, detailed information on the existence of demand for migrant labour or the participation of migrant labour in the economies of receiving countries is either not available or not properly disseminated. This lack is particularly serious with respect to information on the participation of undocumented or irregular migrants in the economies of receiving countries. 53. The lack of comprehensive data and harmonized definitions in data collection in the field of migration has often been observed. 28 Recent documents that have analysed the phenomenon of migration, such as the Secretary-General’s report or the Global Commission’s reports, acknowledge the problem in the collection, analysis, sharing and dissemination of information and make proposals how to better address this issue. The creation of new institutions or structures or the amelioration of existing arrangements that have been proposed should, among other things, improve information-gathering, -sharing and -dissemination. __________________ 28 06-51782 See, for example, Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration Revision 1, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division, Statistical Papers Series M, No. 58, Rev.1, 1998, pp. ____. 13