A/74/358 79. States should establish data collection systems to document information on antisemitic hate crimes. Collecting accurate, disaggregated data is essential for enabling policymakers and law enforcement authorities to understand the scope of the problem, discern patterns, allocate resources and investigate cases more effectively. States should also work with Jewish communities and organizations to strengthen efforts to monitor, document and report on hate crimes and other acts motivated by antisemitism, and should consider appointing a senior official to oversee such efforts. 80. Accessible and confidential mechanisms should be established to facilitate the reporting of antisemitic hate crimes, and efforts should be made to raise awareness within Jewish communities as to where and how to report incidents. Governments should hold consultations with Jewish communities and relevant victim support organizations to develop effective strategies in support of victims, and they should work with national human rights institutions, academics, NGOs and international organizations to conduct surveys that help clarify the needs of victims of antisemitic attacks. 81. Political parties should adopt and enforce ethical guidelines in relation to the conduct of their representatives, in particular with respect to public speech. Party leaders must promptly, clearly and consistently reject manifestations of antisemitism within their parties and in public discourse. B. Civil society 82. Civil society organizations should take a multi-stakeholder, multidisciplinary, human rights-based approach to combating antisemitism. Academic experts and researchers can support Governments by providing independent expert advice and insights on the prevalence and manifestations of antisemitism, as well as on effective ways to counter it. They can support the work of States to monitor and report on antisemitic hate crimes and other expressions of antisemitic attitudes. The Special Rapporteur notes that OSCE has developed a guide to spread the practice of civil society coalition-building to address discrimination and to build more peaceful and tolerant societies. 88 83. Civil society organizations have a responsibility to ensure that their own practices do not contribute to antisemitic discourse. They can play an important role in raising awareness of the various ways in which antisemitism can be manifested and of the impact of prejudiced messages faced by Jews and Jewish communities on human rights and society at large. These actors can also support government efforts to raise awareness within Jewish communities as to where and how to report antisemitic incidents. 84. Civil society actors can also play an integral role in reassuring the Jewish community after an attack, including in cooperation with parliamentarians and government officials and other communities and by publicly demonstrating solidarity and signalling a zero-tolerance policy towards antisemitism. Civil society, including faith-based actors, should also strive to establish collaborative networks to foster mutual understanding and solidarity, promote dialogue and inspire constructive action. 85. Educators can develop curricula that raise awareness of human rights and foster empathy through the incorporation of creative exercises and content that challenge and counteract antisemitic attitudes. Effective methodologies for educating students about antisemitic narratives include exploring the history of __________________ 88 22/23 See www.osce.org/odihr/385017. 19-16257