E/2025/43 E/C.19/2025/8 53. The Permanent Forum heard testimonies on the many barriers in access to justice for Indigenous Peoples. It is deeply concerned about the disproportionate incarceration rates of Indigenous Peoples, especially children. States are urged to implement the internationally recommended age of criminal responsibility of at least 14 years. States must uphold the Convention on the Rights of the Child, under which incarceration must be a measure of last resort. The Forum condemns States’ violations of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The Forum calls upon States to remove existing barriers, ensure culturally appropriate access to justice and prevent the overcriminalization of Indigenous Peoples. 54. The Permanent Forum takes note of the efforts of Chile to promote the rights of Indigenous Peoples through the Presidential Commission for Peace and Understanding. The Forum invites Chile to implement general recommendation No. 39 (2022) by adopting the necessary legislation and public policies. It also urges Chile to replicate these positive developments with other Indigenous Peoples in its territory and to present progress to the Forum at its twenty-fifth session. 55. The Permanent Forum calls upon Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and the Sudan to promptly end violence against Indigenous Peoples, particularly Indigenous women and children, in the context of armed conflict, counter-terrorism and mining activities. Any peace process must involve Indigenous Peoples, in line with General Assembly resolution 79/159. 56. The Permanent Forum heard about the retreat of New Zealand/Aotearoa from honouring Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi), which sparked the country’s largest-ever protest. The Forum calls upon New Zealand to recommit to the Treaty. 57. The disproportionate impact of Russian aggression against Ukraine on Indigenous Peoples in the region includes conscription, mass displacement and attacks on identity, violating their individual and collective rights. In occupied Crimea, Indigenous women are persecuted and detained for defending human rights. The Permanent Forum calls upon the Russian Federation to engage in constructive negotiations to achieve just and durable peace. 58. Following the recent coup in Myanmar, political instability persists, with planned military-led elections widely seen as a means to entrench power rather than restore democracy. Ongoing air strikes, even amid a 7.7 magnitude earthquake, highlight the crisis. The Human Rights Council and relevant mechanisms are urged to strengthen protection measures and establish more robust, locally grounded human rights monitoring for Indigenous Peoples facing violence and displacement. Interregional, intergenerational and global dialogue (item 5 (e)) 59. The Permanent Forum held an interregional, intergenerational and global dialogue on the theme “The rights of Indigenous women”. The Forum extends its appreciation to the Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia, Lena Estrada Añokazi, for her participation during the twenty-fourth session. 60. The systemic challenges that Indigenous women and girls experience include gender-based violence, marginalization, discrimination and violations of their sexual and reproductive health rights. Indigenous women who advocate for their individual and collective rights also face retaliation. The Permanent Forum heard testimonies asserting that Indigenous women had been imprisoned for organizing peaceful events, even on International Women’s Day. 61. Indigenous women continue to face intersectional forms of discrimination and systemic racism. The Permanent Forum urges States to promote the leadership of 12/23 25-07572