A/68/283 exploitation and fewer migrants’ rights violations. States would still have the sovereignty to decide on the number of migrants they wish to admit. Global migration governance should thus be seen as reclaiming sovereignty, not ceding it. 12 92. As stated by the European Commission, poorly managed migration has detrimental effects. Promoting effective migration governance is essential to maximise the positive and minimise the negative impacts of migration on development. In the absence of effective governance, the costs of migration may be significant. 13 E. Need to base the institutional framework inside the United Nations 93. The Special Rapporteur is concerned that migration dialogues often take place outside the United Nations and international human rights frameworks, with a focus on the economic developmental and political aspects of migration, without properly integrating human rights concerns. He is also concerned at the lack of accountability of the Global Forum on Migration Development and regional consultative processes due to the absence of detailed records of proceedings. While noting that the Global Forum and regional consultative processes may be useful forums for informal discussions between States, this is not sufficient to lead to any significant changes or improvements relating to global migration governance. He thus remains convinced that a strengthened institutional framework is needed in addition to these informal forums. The number of international migrants is increasing, and a growing number of vulnerable migrants are abused and exploited both in transit and destination countries. Furthermore, globalization is likely to increase the scale of international migration, which is already quite substantial with an estimate of more than 232 million international migrants in the world. 94. Greater involvement on the part of the United Nations in the global debate on migration seems difficult to achieve as long as the Global Forum on Migration and Development remains the leading international forum to discuss migration as an informal, non-binding, voluntary and government-led process focused on migration and development without giving proper attention to the human rights of migrants. Consequently, there is a need to bring the migration dialogue inside the United Nations framework. The United Nations plays an important role as a forum for international collaboration, with human rights as one of its pillars: it is capable of embracing the extreme complexity of migration movements in all their dimensions. Creating a new, United Nations-based institutional framework would not preclude regional or bilateral agreements, processes or organizations outside the United Nations from also dealing with migration. __________________ 12 13 18/26 Kathleen Newland, “The governance of international migration: mechanisms, processes and institutions”, paper prepared for the Policy Analysis and Research Programme of the Global Commission on International Migration, September 2005. Communication from the European Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on maximizing the development impact of migration, 21 May 2013. 13-42115