A/HRC/40/30 66. The Special Rapporteur on racism, in her annual report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/38/52), underlined that statelessness was often the result of long-standing discrimination against, among others, racial and ethnic minorities, and religious groups. It was often the foreseeable product of discriminatory laws, policies and practices that aimed to exclude or have the effect of excluding people who were considered as foreign, often based on their race, colour, descent, ethnicity, national origin or religion. 67. During the reporting period, OHCHR developed several initiatives on stateless minorities. The OHCHR country office in Cambodia had continued to monitor the challenges faced by certain vulnerable Vietnamese communities, both in the past and present, in relation to their legal status. These challenges result in ineffective citizenship or statelessness and affect their enjoyment of human rights, particularly their enjoyment of economic, political and social rights, such as their participation in daily life and access to State services, including birth registration, public education and health. Vietnamese communities are the largest minority group living in Cambodia and they have been subjected to discrimination, violence and displacement. Many are in a situation of ineffective citizenship or statelessness. In this context, the Government has developed a naturalization process that, if duly implemented, will allow Vietnamese communities living in Cambodia the right to seek naturalization for the first time. J. Linguistic rights 68. A number of United Nations human rights mechanisms and OHCHR field presences raised issues regarding linguistic minorities. 69. During the update on the human rights situation in Ukraine at the thirty-seventh session of the Human Rights Council, the United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights reminded the Council that the International Court of Justice had requested that the Russian Federation ensure the availability of education in the Ukrainian language in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea – a critical measure taken following the sharp decrease in the number of children receiving teaching in Ukrainian. She said it was encouraging that three months earlier, the Ministry of Education of Crimea had outlined a new road map on the choice of language in education, which aimed to increase students’ access to education in their mother tongue. 31 70. In May 2018, OHCHR delivered a training workshop in the Republic of Moldova for Russian-speaking minority journalists on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The workshop was attended by 15 journalists, some of whom had disabilities, from different regions, including from rural areas. 71. In May 2018, UNMIK and the United Nations Kosovo team organized the United Nations Kosovo Trust-Building Forum, with the participation of the European Union, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and the OSCE Mission in Kosovo. The 120 participants, more than half of whom were women, represented a broad cross section of society in Kosovo,32 including leaders from municipal administrations, civil society, academia, women’s and youth organizations and the Ministry of Communities and Returns of Kosovo. The participants identified avenues to build greater trust between communities in Kosovo, and established a platform for future action in fields such as good governance, access to justice, interreligious trust-building, economic empowerment, the environment and education. Cross-cutting issues included, among others, youth and linguistic rights. 72. The Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights, upon conclusion of her mission to Serbia and Kosovo (A/HRC/37/55/Add.1), recommended that Serbia increase access to bilingual education, in consultation with the minorities concerned, in order to enable minority children to participate in wider society while still fully enjoying their linguistic rights. 31 32 14 See www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22869&LangID=E. All references to Kosovo in the present document should be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).