A/HRC/27/52/Add.1 6. According to the 2010 census, indigenous peoples make up 12.3 per cent of the population, although some of them claim that their population is larger than what the census results indicate. The 2010 census, gives the following population estimates for the various indigenous peoples of Panama: Ngobe, 260,058; Kuna, 80,526; Emberá, 31,284; Bugle, 24,912; Wounaan, 7,279; Teribe/Naso, 4,046; Bokota, 1,959; and Bribri, 1,068.1 The 2010 census results indicate that 196,059 indigenous persons live in comarcas, while 221,500 live in other areas. 7. The Ngobe have the largest population and speak Ngäbere. Their comarca, which is shared with the Bugle people, was established in 1997 and spans 6,968 km2 in the provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui and Veraguas; approximately half of the Ngobe population lives in the comarca. In recent years, the Ngobe have been organizing opposition to hydroelectric projects that have an impact on their traditional lands, both inside and outside the comarca. Although the Bugle have historically been considered part of the Ngobe people, they have their own language, culture and forms of internal organization. The Bokota people are related to the Bugle and are considered by some sources to belong to the same ethnic group.2 8. The Kuna people live in three comarcas (Madungandi, Wargandi and Kuna Yala) in the Dagargunyala collective territory, Darién National Park and areas outside their traditional lands. Kuna Yala, the first comarca in the country, was established in 1938 following a long struggle for the recognition of the political structures, autonomy and lands of the Kuna people. The Kuna currently wield considerable political influence compared to other indigenous groups. Nevertheless, they expressed particular concern about a lack of consultation by the Government, the failure to abide by decisions taken by their authorities, the lack of State recognition of their rights over areas that they consider to be part of their traditional territory and the incursion of settlers into their lands. The language of the Kuna people is also called Kuna. 9. The Emberá and Wounaan live in an area in eastern Panama that extends up to its border with the Colombian department of Choco. Most of the members of these groups currently live in the province of Darién. The Emberá-Wounaan comarca covers 438,350 hectares (or 27 per cent of Darién Province) and has a population of 9,397 members of the Emberá and Wounaan peoples, spread out among 40 communities. Outside of the comarca, two Wounaan communities have been officially recognized by the Government, and their lands have been given collective land status; other Emberá and Wounaan communities await official recognition. These communities’ main concerns regarding their rights relate to encroachments on their comarca and collective lands, which have triggered violent clashes. These communities are also affected by the internal armed conflict in Colombia and by the presence on their lands of illegal armed groups belonging to the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) (FARC) and Colombian refugees. The Emberá speak their own languages, both of which are in the Choco linguistic family. 10. The Naso live in western Panama, on the shores of the Teribe River in the province of Bocas del Toro, and in Costa Rica. They have adopted a monarchic system of selfgovernment under the leadership of the Naso king. Their language is also referred to as Naso. For decades the Naso have been requesting the establishment of a comarca and have 1 2 4 2010 Population and Housing Census, National Statistics and Census Institute. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Regional Office for Central America, Diagnóstico sobre la situación de los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas de América Central, vol. II, p. 410. GE.14-07234