A/HRC/31/56 addressed together with other grounds of discrimination, including ethnicity, race, descent, religion, gender and sexuality, and appealed for the inclusion of caste-based discrimination as a human rights issue in future European Union human rights policies, strategies and action plans. 54. Other relevant international standards are the International Labour Organization Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111), along with its accompanying Recommendation No. 111, and the Principles and Guidelines to Address Caste Discrimination in the Private Sector (Ambedkar Principles) of the International Dalit Solidarity Network. IV. Specific areas of impact of discrimination in caste-based and analogous systems 55. The Special Rapporteur has identified a number of areas of particular concern in relation to caste and analogous systems. The areas described below are not exhaustive but rather provide a general overview of the most serious manifestations of caste-based discrimination. 56. The Special Rapporteur regrets the scarcity of relevant information outside the South Asian context and stresses the need for further research. A. Civil and political rights 1. Right to life and physical integrity 57. The use of violence against individuals and communities at the lower end of caste and caste-like systems to maintain the system and perpetuate oppression is common. Attempts to alter the social order by questioning and actively defying caste rules may result in harassment, threats, physical attacks and even murder. 58. Often, claiming human rights is considered as “forbidden”, and deserving of punishment. Inter-caste and inter-group marriages; demands for land rights, increased wages and political participation; and refusal to perform traditional occupations, may trigger not only economic retaliation by those most threatened by changes in the status quo, but also unleash violence. 59. In South Asia, violence against Dalits is reported to be widespread and driven by the effects of the caste system and the lack of justice for victims. 34 Although official data are scarce, information from some States indicates that the number of reported crimes against Dalits is rising. For instance, data from the National Crime Records Bureau in India reveal that reported crimes against individuals from scheduled castes increased 19 per cent in 2014 from the previous year. 35 In Nepal, Amnesty International reported that in 2014 victims of discrimination on the grounds of caste were subject to torture and other ill-treatment, including sexual violence.36 34 35 36 12 Minority Rights Group International, State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2015, p. 167 ff. National Crime Records Bureau of India, Crime in India (2014), p. 108. . Amnesty International, The State of the World’s Human Rights 2014/15 (2015), p. 268.