A/HRC/62/56 while instrumentalizing its memory, thereby contributing to the normalization and diffusion of antisemitic discourse.24 57. These distortions are not confined to rhetorical expressions but are increasingly embedded within organized campaigns and advocacy practices. These include the use of visual propaganda, coordinated dissemination through digital platforms and the incorporation of such narratives into reports and public discourse. Information received indicates that these representations frequently reproduce core elements historically associated with antisemitic ideology, including collective demonization, dehumanization and conspiratorial portrayals of Jewish influence. For example, the Special Rapporteur further notes reports that the organization known as “The Base” promotes antisemitic conspiracy theories, including narratives alleging covert Jewish or so-called “Zionist control” over political and social institutions. Research undertaken on US-based violent extremist networks provide an example of the scope of antisemitic content online. Research documented over 150,000 antisemitic posts shared by more than 1,000 accounts between August 2024 and January 2025, with a 21 per cent increase in the final month — establishing that algorithmic amplification of racial hatred is not a static but an accelerating phenomenon. 25 58. The emergence of so-called “mapping” initiatives targeting Jewish individuals and institutions are also of concern. These initiatives involve the systematic identification, cataloguing and public dissemination of information relating to Jewish organizations, often framed as efforts to expose alleged political or ideological networks. The Special Rapporteur notes that such practices raise serious concerns with respect to privacy, security and the potential facilitation of harassment or violence. 59. These developments reflect evolving forms of collective targeting that, while distinct in context, may reproduce underlying dynamics of exclusion and stigmatization. Their increasing prevalence highlights the need for comprehensive responses that address not only explicit manifestations of neo-Nazism but also contemporary practices that may replicate or reinforce patterns of discrimination and hostility toward Jewish individuals and communities. There is a troubling trend towards the trivialization of Nazi symbols and rhetoric, as well as the normalization of discriminatory practices. Geopolitical events, including violent conflicts, as a driver of hate speech and hate related content 60. As included in the Special Rapporteur’s 2025 report to the General Assembly, there has been a significant increase in violent conflict globally and this has a strong interrelationship with the spread of racist hate speech and hate related content, including the most serious forms of this scourge, which meet the criteria for incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence. Manifestations of racial hatred relating to violent conflict include racial slurs and stereotypes, racialized narratives about conflict situations, the scapegoating and dehumanization of those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups, the legitimization and justification of violence towards those from racial and ethnic groups, and reframing aggression as legitimate self-defence. Political figures engage in hate speech relating to conflict and legitimise its racist hate speech, legitimizing its broad spread. 26 Such patterns are exemplified by how the continuing armed conflicts in Gaza and Sudan have been instrumentalised by extremist actors, operating online, to amplify antisemitism, anti-Muslim hatred, anti-Black racism and xenophobia.27 61. In the European context, the volume of online disinformation and hate speech peaked during critical events, including the 7 October Hamas attack, the April 2024 Iranian missile 24 25 26 27 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), History under Attack: Countering Disinformation and Holocaust Distortion Online (Paris: UNESCO, 2023), accessed May 9, 2026, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382159. Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), “NazTok: An Organized Neo-Nazi TikTok Network Is Getting Millions of Views,” July 29, 2024, https://www.isdglobal.org/digital-dispatch/naztok-an-organizedneo-nazi-tiktok-network-is-getting-millions-of-views/. (isdglobal.org). A/80/496. Ibid. 13