A/76/162 it was estimated in 2018 that rape and other forms of sexual violence were committed in the preceding two years against 18,000 minority Rohingya women and girls, including by members of the military and security forces. There has been almost no prosecution of the offenders. 49. While perhaps not reaching the same levels of exclusion as Rohingya, mainly stateless minorities such as Haitians in the Dominican Republic, Dioula in Côte d’Ivoire, Russian-speaking minorities in some Baltic States and Roma in Europe are likely to have no right to vote and to not have access to public education, employment or public health care or property rights. They are likely to be subjected to travel restrictions, may not be able to open bank accounts and, because of social and economic exclusion, are much more vulnerable to sexu al and physical violence, exploitation, trafficking in persons, forcible displacement and other abuses. 50. They are, in a sense, the worst off of those who are left behind. They are also among the poorest of the poor. Unfortunately, nothing in the Sustain able Development Goals identifies or addresses this particular aspect of the social and economic exclusion of minorities, who are overwhelmingly the world’s stateless, since any data collection to take into account the ethnic, racial or religious backgroun ds of individuals who may be affected was removed in the drafting of the indicators. 51. None of the targets for Goal 1, “End poverty in all its forms everywhere”, for example, mention the particular poverty and vulnerability of the stateless, nor for that matter of minorities or indigenous peoples, who also tend to be among the poorest segments of society in most countries. There is only one brief and vague mention of “those in vulnerable situations” in relation to developing resilience (target 1.5). 52. Surely under the goal of reducing poverty, in particular target 1.1, “By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day”, those among the poorest of the poor in many countries, such as the stateless and minorities, would specifically be considered? 53. Unfortunately, the answer appears to be no. The only indicator identified to measure “success” for this target is indicator 1.1.1, for the “proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)”. 37 While this indicator acknowledges that data is needed to measure progress towards the realization of the target, it is limited to considerations of “sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)”. The last indicator is especially illuminating, since in many countries geographical location can indirectly highlight the effect of poverty reduction policies on ethnic groups, including indigenous minorities, who may be concentrated in certain regions of a country; the restriction in only dealing with urban/rural divisions is suggestive of a desire to not focus on the possible impact on minorities and indigenous peoples. 54. Of course, the main “equality” Goal lies with Goal 10, in particular target 10.2, “By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status”. There are two reasons, however, why the commitment to leave no one behind has been weakened here for stateless minorities: first, because it was never explicitly acknowledged that State obligations could also apply to non -citizens; and second, because the main tools to measure progress in the implementation of these Goals dismiss the need to consider how minorities (and indigenous peoples) are affected. As indicated earlier, any reference to the collection of horizontal data along the lines of religion, ethnicity or race for assessing the attainment of Goal 10 for some __________________ 37 14/22 Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 71/313 in 2017. 21-09902