Guidance Note of the Secretary-General on Racial Discrimination and Protection of Minorities  •  13 analysis of development, and their inclusion can ensure ownership and help find sustainable and effective solutions to development challenges. 37. Moreover, efforts to improve sustainable human development and promote inclusion and stability are complemented and strengthened with better attention to the situation of minorities and with the participation of minorities in such efforts. Therefore, their inclusion in all aspects of country engagement is crucial.11 There is a need to bring in minority voices and representation in the design and implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation, of UN development efforts, including in the United Nations Development Action Framework (UNDAF) and country programming processes. Similarly, participation of persons belonging to minorities is essential in the process of developing the post-2015 development agenda, with a view to ensuring that the resulting agenda advances non-discrimination and other human rights concerns of minorities. 38. Addressing development challenges requires holistic and sustained approaches that fully recognize human rights, including minority rights. Addressing discrimination, in particular, can make development strategies more effective. There is no “one-size-fits-all” approach to minority issues. Each country presents a unique set of historical and contemporary power dynamics that create different conditions and opportunities for addressing the marginalization of minorities. In this respect, the UN system should pursue and support mapping and analysis exercises to determine: the situation of each marginalized minority group; the impact on minorities of marginalization and exclusion; the root causes of inequality and exclusion; the differences in women’s and men’s experiences and the existence and nature of civil society organizations that articulate the concerns of minorities. 5. Access to a healthy and clean environment 39. Minorities are often denied access to a healthy and clean environment and suffer disproportionally from environmental risks and hazards, as well as occupational health and safety hazard, in the workplace. In many cases they live in the most polluted areas of cities, or near dangerous or illegal waste facilities with limited or no access to sanitation, clean air, clean water and land. In the labour market, minorities are often overrepresented in hazardous jobs or economic sectors. The accelerated urban migration and the increased urbanization process have increased such challenges. Minorities are often denied adequate access to environmental information and are frequently excluded from participation in making environmental decisions that affect them. Whenever addressing issues related to the environment and sustainable development, the UN should pay special attention to the consequences affecting minorities and their well-being and ensure that they have sufficient access to related services. There have to be extra efforts to provide access to relevant information also for minorities 11 For detailed guidance on how to integrate minority issues in development programming, refer to Marginalised Minorities in Development Programming: A UNDP Resource Guide and Toolkit (May 2010).