▼Article XXVIII.
Protection of cultural heritage and intellectual property
1. Indigenous peoples have the right to full recognition
and respect for the ownership, dominion, possession,
control, development, and protection of their tangible
and intangible cultural heritage and intellectual
property, including its collective nature, transmitted
over millennia from generation to generation.
2. The collective intellectual property of indigenous
peoples includes, inter alia, traditional knowledge and
traditional cultural expressions, including traditional
knowledge associated with genetic resources,
ancestral designs and procedures, cultural, artistic,
spiritual, technological, and scientific expressions,
tangible and intangible cultural heritage, as well as
knowledge and developments of their own related
to biodiversity and the utility and qualities of seeds,
medicinal plants, flora, and fauna.
3. States, with the full and effective participation of
indigenous peoples, shall adopt measures necessary
to ensure that national and international agreements
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