E/CN.4/1990/46 page 3 Governments, it may also frequently derive from economic, social or cultural tensions, and take the form of acts of hostility or conflicts between different groups. Behind phenomena of intolerance may also be found certain dogmatic interpretations which stir up misunderstandings or hatred between different religious communities or encourage dissension within them. This diversity is, indeed, stressed in article 2 (1) of the 1981 Declaration, which states: "No one shall be subject to discrimination by any State, institution, group of persons or person on the grounds of religion or belief." 14. Given this multiplicity of responsibilities, the dialogue established with Governments by the Special Rapporteur and the transmission of allegations concerning their countries in no way implies any kind of accusation or value judgement on the part of the Special Rapporteur, but rather a request for clarification with a view to trying to find, along with the Government concerned, a solution to a problem which goes to the heart of human rights and fundamental freedoms. II. ACTIVITIES OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR A. Correspondence 15. In accordance with the provisions of paragraph 11 of Commission on Human Rights resolution 1989/44, whereby the Special Rapporteur, in carrying out his mandate, is invited to bear in mind "the need to be able to respond effectively to credible and reliable information that comes before him", a request for information, dated 30 June 1989, was addressed to Governments, relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations concerned. The information requested from Governments touched on the following points: (a) Provision by States, in accordance with their respective constitutional systems and relevant internationally accepted instruments, of adequate constitutional and legal guarantees of freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief, including provision of effective remedies where there is intolerance or discrimination based on religion or belief; (b) Appropriate measures taken by States to combat intolerance and to encourage understanding, tolerance and respect in matters relating to freedom of religion or belief, such as the supervision and training of their civil servants, educators and other public officials to ensure that, in the course of their official duties, they respect different religions and beliefs and do not discriminate against persons professing other religions or beliefs; (c) Incidents and governmental actions which might be inconsistent with the provisions of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. 16. At 20 December 1989, replies had been received from the following , Governments: Albania, Argentina, Austria, the Bahamas, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Byelorussian SSR, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Malta, Mauritius,