E/2004/43 E/C.19/2004/23 Access (e) Ensuring that indigenous children, young people and adults have access to all levels of education (including adult education) on a basis comparable to that available to other citizens; Attainment (f) Enabling indigenous students to attain skills and graduation rates up to the same standard as other students throughout the compulsory and non-compulsory schooling years; (g) Developing teaching forms and curricula based on mother tongue (additive learning) in primary and secondary education (should be mandatory in order to achieve goal (f) above); (h) Developing curricula for both primary and secondary education which reflect the insights and usefulness of indigenous knowledge systems and are sensitive to indigenous values. Curricula should: (i) Incorporate indigenous histories, traditional knowledge and spiritual values; (ii) Integrate indigenous oral traditions, myths and writings, acknowledging these as unique parts of world heritage; Indigenous languages, proficiency in the national language, literacy and numeracy (i) Developing programmes based on the child’s mother tongue (first language) as a foundation for learning and aiming at the maintenance and continued use of indigenous languages; (j) Enabling the attainment of proficiency in the commonly used national language and at least one international language, and numeracy competencies by all indigenous students, including indigenous adults, giving particular attention to indigenous women based on the framework of the United Nations Decade of Literacy; Capacity-building (k) Providing community education services which will enable indigenous peoples to develop the skills to manage the development of their communities; (l) Providing education and training services to develop the skills of indigenous people to participate in educational decision-making; Appreciation, understanding and respect for indigenous cultures (m) Enabling all students, both indigenous and non-indigenous, at all levels of education, to have an appreciation and understanding of and respect for traditional and contemporary indigenous histories, cultures and identities; Anti-racism strategies (n) Promoting anti-racism education, including strategies to empower young people to deal with racism in the compulsory schooling curriculum; 9