SUMMARY G LO B A L E D U C AT I O N M O N I TO R I N G R E P O R T 2 0 1 6 Using ICT in schools requires readily and regularly available electricity. In many sub-Saharan African countries, the lack of mains electricity hampers the use of ICT. In the Central African Republic, practically no primary or secondary school was connected to an electrical grid. In Guinea and Madagascar, there are more than 500 learners per computer. VIOLENCE AND ATTACKS IN SCHOOLS School-related violent acts or threats occur on school premises but also on the way to school, at home or in cyberspace. While attention usually focuses on extreme events, such as shootings, more common forms of violence have the largest negative impact on the education experience of children and adolescents. They tend to be underreported, as they often involve taboos. About 40% of 13- to 15-year-olds in 37 countries reported having been involved in physical fights over 2009–2012 Bullying is the most widely documented form of violence in schools. In the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, about 41% of grade 8 students reported having been bullied at least once in the previous month. Physical violence is very common. About 40% of 13- to 15-year-olds in 37 countries reported having been involved in physical fights over 2009–2012. Sexual violence is a highly destructive form of violence in schools, much of whose scale and scope remain hidden. Overall, international surveys need to better coordinate the questions they use to ensure consistent measurement of global school-based violence trends. Monitoring of attacks related to education is also vital to respond effectively and hold perpetrators accountable. Military use of schools took place in 26 countries over 2005–2015. In 2009–2012, 1,000 or more education-related attacks per country took place in six countries. F I GURE 1 4 : Most primary schools do not have electricity in some of the poorest countries Proportion of primary and secondary schools with electricity, 2009–2014 100 Schools with electricity (%) 80 60 40 20 C. A. R. Madagascar Sierra Leone Burundi Niger Nepal Myanmar Mali D. R. Congo Togo Guinea Comoros U. R. Tanzania Malawi Lao PDR Senegal Benin Nicaragua Zambia Gambia Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Eritrea India Venezuela, B. R. Bangladesh Namibia Bhutan Cabo Verde Botswana Ecuador Indonesia Philippines Belize Morocco S. Tome/Principe Costa Rica Suriname Brazil Paraguay Argentina Swaziland El Salvador South Africa Uruguay Algeria Thailand Jordan Iran, Isl. Rep. Seychelles Mauritius Maldives Singapore Rep. of Korea Malaysia Hong Kong, China Qatar Palestine 0 Source: UIS database. 52