G LO B A L E D U C AT I O N M O N I TO R I N G R E P O R T 2 0 1 6 le Development G nab oal tai us 4.1 S SUMMARY Primary and secondary education TARGET 4.1 T arget 4.1 envisages universal primary and secondary completion as a path to relevant and effective learning. Progress towards this target will be seen as a key measure of government and international community commitment to the SDGs. Critics of the target believe a push towards universal upper secondary completion distracts from the priority of at least nine years of basic education for all. ACCESS, PARTICIPATION AND COMPLETION Access needs to be monitored closely in the new agenda. While the agenda aims to achieve 12 years of education for the current cohort by 2030, it should not be forgotten that 25 million children do not even begin primary school. Almost 30% of children from the poorest households in low income countries have never been to school. Target 4.1 deals with participation in primary, lower secondary and, for the first time, upper secondary education. In 2014, 91% of children of primary school age, 84% of adolescents of lower secondary age and 63% of youth of upper secondary age were in school. These estimates indicate a total of 263 million were not in school: 61 million of primary school age, 60 million of lower secondary age and 142 million of upper secondary age. F I GURE 8: In just 2 out of 90 low and middle income countries have the poorest young people attained at least 12 years of education Years of education attained among 20- to 24-year-olds, by wealth, selected countries, 2008 and 2014 15 Years of education 12 9 6 Richest Average Poorest 3 Niger South Sudan Burkina Faso Afghanistan Mali Chad Burundi Ethiopia Madagascar Senegal C. A. R. Rwanda Mozambique Sudan Guinea Sierra Leone Benin Côte d’Ivoire Bhutan U. R. Tanzania Mauritania Pakistan Morocco S. Tome/Principe Gambia Liberia Iraq Bangladesh Malawi Yemen Uganda Guatemala Togo Cameroon Cambodia Lao PDR Lesotho Nigeria Nepal Timor-Leste Comoros D. R. Congo Haiti Honduras Belize Zambia Congo India Swaziland Gabon Suriname Namibia Kenya Guyana China Colombia Maldives Ghana Costa Rica Indonesia Uruguay Philippines Tajikistan Viet Nam Albania Zimbabwe Bolivia Mexico Dominican Rep. Tunisia Peru Egypt Mongolia Panama Jamaica Ecuador Armenia Argentina Rep. Moldova Barbados Kyrgyzstan Bosnia/Herzeg. Jordan TFYR Macedonia Palestine Belarus Serbia Montenegro Kazakhstan Ukraine 0 Source: GEM Report team analysis using household surveys. 38

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