A/HRC/35/25/Add.3 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants on his mission to Australia and the regional processing centres in Nauru* Contents Page I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 II. General background on migration: a brief overview ........................................................................ 3 III. Normative and legal framework on migration and border management .......................................... 4 A. International framework .......................................................................................................... 4 B. Regional framework ................................................................................................................ 4 C. Bilateral agreements ................................................................................................................ 5 D. National legal, institutional and policy framework .................................................................. 5 Border management ......................................................................................................................... 8 A. A punitive approach to unauthorized maritime arrivals ........................................................... 9 B. Non-refoulement ...................................................................................................................... 9 C. Visa refusals and cancellations ................................................................................................ 9 D. Guardianship system for unaccompanied children .................................................................. 10 E. Family reunification................................................................................................................. 10 F. Access to citizenship ................................................................................................................ 11 Detention ......................................................................................................................................... 11 A. Children in detention ............................................................................................................... 13 B. Regional processing centres in Nauru and Papua New Guinea .............................................. 14 C. Human rights defenders ........................................................................................................... 16 Cross-cutting issues .......................................................................................................................... 17 A. Access to justice ...................................................................................................................... 17 B. Labour exploitation .................................................................................................................. 17 C. Xenophobic speech and discriminatory acts ............................................................................ 18 Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................................. 18 IV. V. VI. VII. A. Normative and institutional framework for the protection of the human rights of migrants ................................................................................................... 19 B. Border management ................................................................................................................ 19 C. Detention ................................................................................................................................. 19 D. Access to justice ...................................................................................................................... 20 E. Cross-cutting concerns ............................................................................................................. 21 * Circulated in the language of submission only. 2