E/2019/43 E/C.19/2019/10 Dialogues with indigenous peoples, Member States and the funds, programmes and specialized agencies of the United Nations system 72. The Permanent Forum conducted three focused, interactive dialogues with indigenous peoples, Member States and United Nations entities. Such dialogues provide an opportunity to focus on specific issues, share good practices, mobilize concrete action to implement the Declaration and identify ways to increase the effectiveness of the work of the Forum. 73. The year 2021 will mark the twentieth anniversary of the Permanent Forum. The Forum creates a space to advance cooperation among indigenous peoples, Member States, the United Nations system and other stakeholders by organizing regional and thematic dialogues and making comprehensive recommendations in all areas of its mandate. Since its establishment, the Forum has directed numerous recommendations to States, United Nations agencies, indigenous peoples and civil society stakeholders. While members of the Forum have also been actively engaged in promoting and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples at the global, regional, country and community levels, progress in realizing the rights of indigenous peoples is slow. 74. Additional avenues for advancing and strengthening the rights of indigenous peoples at intergovernmental platforms, such as the universal periodic review, the Summit of the Group of Seven Industrialized Countries and the Group of 20 Summit on financial markets and the world economy, should be explored. Dialogue with indigenous peoples 75. The Permanent Forum appreciates the frank and open dialogue with indigenous peoples. It takes notes of the concerns raised, regarding, among others, the exploitation of indigenous peoples’ lands, territories and resources, allegations of human rights violations, violence against indigenous women and girls, and the implementation of large-scale development projects without their free, prior and informed consent. In addition, the lack of constitutional recognition and specific laws and policies related to indigenous peoples is a serious challenge in achieving the ends of the Declaration. 76. The Permanent Forum recognizes the initiatives, efforts and achievements of indigenous peoples in securing their rights. The Forum is encouraged by these and will continue its efforts to promote respect for and full application of the provisions of the Declaration and follow up on its effectiveness. Dialogue with Member States 77. According to article 42 of the Declaration, Member States shall promote respect for and full application of the provisions of the Declaration and follow up its effectiveness. 78. The dialogue with Member States focused on the implementation of the Permanent Forum’s recommendations, the ratification and implementation of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) and the implementation of the outcome document of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, and on addressing disputes between indigenous peoples and Member States at the local level. 79. In terms of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), some States reported on their efforts to ratify and implement the Convention, highlighting areas that they considered to be problematic, including the concept of indigenous peoples in regional and national contexts; legal interpretation of the right to self determination and self-identification; and land and resource rights and provincial and federal jurisdictions. Positive steps towards the implementation of the Convention 19-08162 15/28